(b) Given his recent diagnosis, advise Stuart as to which of the two proposed investments (Omikron plc/Omega
plc) would be the more tax efficient alternative. Give reasons for your choice. (3 marks)
第1题:
(b) Explain the capital gains tax (CGT) and inheritance tax (IHT) implications of Graeme gifting his remaining ‘T’
ordinary shares at their current value either:
(i) to his wife, Catherine; or
(ii) to his son, Barry.
Your answer should be supported by relevant calculations and clearly identify the availability and effect of
any reliefs (other than the CGT annual exemption) that might be used to reduce or defer any tax liabilities
arising. (9 marks)
第2题:
(c) Advise Alan on the proposed disposal of the shares in Mobile Ltd. Your answer should include calculations
of the potential capital gain, and explain any options available to Alan to reduce this tax liability. (7 marks)
However, an exemption from corporation tax exists for any gain arising when a trading company (or member of a trading
group) sells the whole or any part of a substantial shareholding in another trading company.
A substantial shareholding is one where the investing company holds 10% of the ordinary share capital and is beneficially
entitled to at least 10% of the
(i) profits available for distribution to equity holders and
(ii) assets of the company available for distribution to equity holders on a winding up.
In meeting the 10% test, shares owned by a chargeable gains group may be amalgamated. The 10% test must have been
met for a continuous 12 month period during the 2 years preceding the disposal.
The companies making the disposals must have been trading companies (or members of a trading group) throughout the
12 month period, as well as at the date of disposal. In addition, they must also be trading companies (or members of a trading
group) immediately after the disposal.
The exemption is given automatically, and acts to deny losses as well as eliminate gains.
While Alantech Ltd has owned its holding in Mobile Ltd for 33 months, its ownership of the Boron holding has only lasted
for 10 months (at 1 June 2005) since Boron was acquired on 1 July 2004. Selling the shares in June 2005 will fail the
12 month test, and the gain will become chargeable.
It would be better for the companies to wait for a further month until July 2005 before selling the amalgamated shareholding.
By doing so, they will both be able to take advantage of the substantial shareholdings relief, thereby saving tax of £29,625
assuming a corporation tax rate of 19%.
第3题:
(b) (i) Advise Benny of the income tax implications of the grant and exercise of the share options in Summer
Glow plc on the assumption that the share price on 1 September 2007 and on the day he exercises the
options is £3·35 per share. Explain why the share option scheme is not free from risk by reference to
the rules of the scheme and the circumstances surrounding the company. (4 marks)
第4题:
(ii) Explain, with reasons, the relief available in respect of the fall in value of the shares in All Over plc,
identify the years in which it can be claimed and state the time limit for submitting the claim.
(3 marks)
第5题:
(ii) Assuming the relief in (i) is available, advise Sharon on the maximum amount of cash she could receive
on incorporation, without triggering a capital gains tax (CGT) liability. (3 marks)
第6题:
(c) For commercial reasons, Damian believes that it would be sensible to place a new holding company, Bold plc,
over the existing company, Linden Limited. Bold plc would also be unquoted and would acquire the existing
Linden Limited shares in exchange for the issue of its own shares.
If the new structure is implemented, Bold plc will provide management services to Linden Limited, but the
amount that will be charged for these services is yet to be determined.
Required:
(i) State the capital gains tax (CGT) issues that Damian should be aware of before disposing of his shares
in Linden Limited to Bold plc. Your answer should include details of any conditions that will need to be
satisfied if an immediate charge to tax is to be avoided. (4 marks)
第7题:
(b) Advise on the capital gains implications should Trent Limited’s old building be sold as proposed. Support your
advice with relevant calculations. (4 marks)
This gives a higher post-entry loss of £50,000 (150,000 – 100,000) and so it is advisable for Trent Limited to make
this election.
The £100,000 of pre-entry losses are still available, but can only be set against gains on assets which:
(i) Trent Limited sold prior to being acquired (subject to the normal carry back restrictions), or
(ii) Trent Limited already owned when it was acquired, or
(iii) Trent Limited acquired from outside the group and used in its trade after being bought by Tay Limited.
第8题:
(b) (i) Advise Andrew of the income tax (IT) and capital gains tax (CGT) reliefs available on his investment in
the ordinary share capital of Scalar Limited, together with any conditions which need to be satisfied.
Your answer should clearly identify any steps that should be taken by Andrew and the other investors
to obtain the maximum relief. (13 marks)
第9题:
(ii) Advise Mr Fencer of the income tax implications of the proposed financing arrangements. (2 marks)
第10题:
(ii) A proposal which will increase the after tax proceeds from the sale of the Snapper plc loan stock and a
reasoned recommendation of a more appropriate form. of external finance. (3 marks)
第11题:
(b) State the immediate tax implications of the proposed gift of the share portfolio to Avril and identify an
alternative strategy that would achieve Crusoe’s objectives whilst avoiding a possible tax liability in the
future. State any deadline(s) in connection with your proposed strategy. (5 marks)
第12题:
1 Stuart is a self-employed business consultant aged 58. He is married to Rebecca, aged 55. They have one child,
Sam, who is aged 24 and single.
In November 2005 Stuart sold a house in Plymouth for £422,100. Stuart had inherited the house on the death of
his mother on 1 May 1994 when it had a probate value of £185,000. The subsequent pattern of occupation was as
follows:
1 May 1994 to 28 February 1995 occupied by Stuart and Rebecca as main residence
1 March 1995 to 31 December 1998 unoccupied
1 January 1999 to 31 March 2001 let out (unfurnished)
1 April 2001 to 30 November 2001 occupied by Stuart and Rebecca
1 December 2001 to 30 November 2005 used occasionally as second home
Both Stuart and Rebecca had lived in London from March 1995 onwards. On 1 March 2001 Stuart and Rebecca
bought a house in London in their joint names. On 1 January 2002 they elected for their London house to be their
principal private residence with effect from that date, up until that point the Plymouth property had been their principal
private residence.
No other capital disposals were made by Stuart in the tax year 2005/06. He has £29,500 of capital losses brought
forward from previous years.
Stuart intends to invest the gross sale proceeds from the sale of the Plymouth house, and is considering two
investment options, both of which he believes will provide equal risk and returns. These are as follows:
(1) acquiring shares in Omikron plc; or
(2) acquiring further shares in Omega plc.
Notes:
1. Omikron plc is a listed UK trading company, with 50,250,000 shares in issue. Its shares currently trade at 42p
per share.
2. Stuart and Rebecca helped start up the company, which was then Omega Ltd. The company was formed on
1 June 1990, when they each bought 24,000 shares for £1 per share. The company became listed on 1 May
1997. On this date their holding was subdivided, with each of them receiving 100 shares in Omega plc for each
share held in Omega Ltd. The issued share capital of Omega plc is currently 10,000,000 shares. The share price
is quoted at 208p – 216p with marked bargains at 207p, 211p, and 215p.
Stuart and Rebecca’s assets (following the sale of the Plymouth house but before any investment of the proceeds) are
as follows:
Assets Stuart Rebecca
£ £
Family house in London 450,000 450,000
Cash from property sale 422,100 –
Cash deposits 165,000 165,000
Portfolio of quoted investments – 250,000
Shares in Omega plc see above see above
Life insurance policy note 1 note 1
Note:
1. The life insurance policy will pay out a sum of £200,000 on the death of the first spouse to die.
Stuart has recently been diagnosed with a serious illness. He is expected to live for another two or three years only.
He is concerned about the possible inheritance tax that will arise on his death. Both he and Rebecca have wills whose
terms transfer all assets to the surviving spouse. Rebecca is in good health.
Neither Stuart nor Rebecca has made any previous chargeable lifetime transfers for the purposes of inheritance tax.
Required:
(a) Calculate the taxable capital gain on the sale of the Plymouth house in November 2005 (9 marks)
Note that the last 36 months count as deemed occupation, as the house was Stuart’s principal private residence (PPR)
at some point during his period of ownership.
The first 36 months of the period from 1 March 1995 to 31 March 2001 qualifies as a deemed occupation period as
Stuart and Rebecca returned to occupy the property on 1 April 2001. The remainder of the period will be treated as a
period of absence, although letting relief is available for part of the period (see below).
The exempt element of the gain is the proportion during which the property was occupied, real or deemed. This is
£138,665 (90/139 x £214,160).
(2) The chargeable gain is restricted for the period that the property was let out. This is restricted to the lowest of the
following:
(i) the gain attributable to the letting period (27/139 x 214,160) = £41,599
(ii) £40,000
(iii) the total exempt PPR gain = £138,665
i.e. £40,000.
(3) The taper relief is effectively wasted, having restricted losses b/f to preserve the annual exemption.
第13题:
(b) Assuming that the income from the sale of the books is not treated as trading income, calculate Bob’s taxable
income and gains for all relevant tax years, using any loss reliefs in the most tax-efficient manner. Your
answer should include an explanation of the loss reliefs available and your reasons for using (or not using)
them. (12 marks)
Assume that the rates and allowances for 2004/05 apply throughout this part of the question.
第14题:
(b) Mabel has two objectives when making the gifts to Bruce and Padma:
(1) To pay no tax on any gift in her lifetime; and
(2) To reduce the eventual liability to inheritance tax on her death.
Advise Mabel which item to gift to Bruce and to Padma in order to satisfy her objectives. Give reasons for
your advice.
Your advice should include a computation of the inheritance tax saved as a result of the two gifts, on the
assumption that Mabel dies on 30 June 2011. (10 marks)
第15题:
(c) Outline the ways in which Arthur and Cindy can reduce their income tax liability by investing in unquoted
shares and recommend, with reasons, which form. of investment best suits their circumstances. You are not
required to discuss the qualifying conditions applicable to the investment vehicle recommended. (5 marks)
You should assume that the income tax rates and allowances for the tax year 2005/06 apply throughout this
question
第16题:
(c) Prepare brief notes for the proposed meeting with Charles and Jane. Clearly identify the further information
you would need in order to advise them more fully and suggest appropriate personal financial planning
protection products, in respect of both death and serious illness. (9 marks)
You should assume that the income tax rates and allowances for the tax year 2005/06 and the corporation tax
rates for the financial year 2005 apply throughout this question.
When considering the shortfall
– The family’s expenditure is likely to increase as the children get older, particularly if there is a need for school fees.
– There will be a need for some cash immediately to pay for the cost of the funeral.
– It is assumed that the whole of Jane’s estate has been left to Charles such that there will be no inheritance tax on her
death.
– The shortfall may be reduced by:
(i) State benefits and tax credits.
(ii) Expenditure on non-essential items, e.g. holidays and entertainment included in the annual expenditure of
£45,500.
(iii) The income generated by Charles if he were to return to work.
– The shortfall may be increased by additional child-care costs due to Charles being a single parent, particularly if he
returns to work full-time.
Further information required
– The level of state benefits and tax credits available to Charles.
– The current level of expenditure on non-essential items.
– The costs of child-care if Charles were to return to work.
– Details of any wills made by Charles or Jane.
– Whether Charles’ investment properties could be sold and the proceeds invested in assets with a higher annual return.
– Whether there is any value in Speak Write Ltd independent of Jane, such that the company could be sold after Jane’s
death.
Other related issues
– The couple should consider making provision for their retirement via pension contributions or some other form. of long
term investment plan.
– The couple should recognise that there would be significant financial problems if Jane were to become seriously ill. In
addition to the family’s income falling as set out above, its expenditure would probably increase.
Protection products
– Term life assurance
A qualifying life policy would pay out a tax-free lump sum on Jane’s death.
– Permanent health insurance
Would provide a regular income if Jane were unable to work due to illness.
– Critical illness insurance
Would provide a capital sum in the event of Jane being diagnosed with an insured illness.
第17题:
(ii) Calculate Paul’s tax liability if he exercises the share options in Memphis plc and subsequently sells the
shares in Memphis plc immediately, as proposed, and show how he may reduce this tax liability.
(4 marks)
第18题:
(ii) Following on from your answer to (i), evaluate the two purchase proposals, and advise Bill and Ben
which course of action will result in the highest amount of after tax cash being received by the
shareholders if the disposal takes place on 31 March 2006. (4 marks)
第19题:
(ii) Advise Andrew of the tax implications arising from the disposal of the 7% Government Stock, clearly
identifying the tax year in which any liability will arise and how it will be paid. (3 marks)
第20题:
(ii) Advise Clifford of the capital gains tax implications of the alternative of selling the Oxford house and
garden by means of two separate disposals as proposed. Calculations are not required for this part of
the question. (3 marks)
第21题:
(b) Advise Sergio on the appropriateness of investing in a domestic rental property in view of his personal
circumstances and recommend suitable alternative investments giving reasons for your advice. (4 marks)
第22题:
(c) The inheritance tax payable by Adam in respect of the gift from his aunt. (4 marks)
Additional marks will be awarded for the appropriateness of the format and presentation of the memorandum and
the effectiveness with which the information is communicated. (2 marks)
Note: you should assume that the tax rates and allowances for the tax year 2006/07 will continue to apply for the
foreseeable future.
第23题:
(b) Advise Maureen on deregistration for the purposes of value added tax (VAT) and any possible alternative
strategy. (8 marks)
An additional mark will be awarded for the effectiveness with which the information is communicated.
(1 mark)