According to the behaviorists, all learning takes place through（）.

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What is the role of environment in language learning according to the behaviorists? And the mentalists?
In the behaviorist view, children imitate the language of their environment to a considerable degree, and imitation is a strong contribution factor in the language learning process. A consequence of this is that the frequency with which words and structures occur in the language of the environment, will influence the language development of the child. In addition, reinforcement is needed to arrive at a higher level of language proficiency. Parental approval is an important type of reinforcement in the language learning process: when a child produces a grammatically correct utterance which is understood by its environment, approval from the parents may serve as reinforcement for such an utterance. In this way, the environment encourages the child to produce grammatical utterances, while not encouraging ungrammatical utterances.
The linguist Norm Chomsky claims that children are biologically programmed for language and that language develops in the child in just the same way that other biological functions develop. For example, every child will learn to walk as long as adequate nourishment and reasonable freedom of movement are provided. The child does not have to be taught; most children learn to walk at about the same time; and walking is essentially the same in all normal human beings. For Chomsky, language acquisition is very similar to the development of walking. The environment makes a basic contribution --- in this case, the availability of people who speak to the child. The child, or rather, the child’s biological endowment, will do the rest. This is known as the innatist position. Chomsky developed his theory in reaction to the behaviorist theory of learning based on imitation and habit formation.
略

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What is the role of formal learning according to the monitor hypothesis?
The monitor hypothesis states that formal learning has only one function, and that is as a “monitor” or “editor” and that learning comes into play only to make changes in the form of our utterance, after it has been produced by the acquired system. Acquisition initiates the speaker’s utterances and is responsible for fluency. Thus the monitor is thought to alter the output of the acquired system before or after the utterance is actually written or spoken, but the utterance is initiated entirely by the acquired system.
略

第7题：

What is the best description of serialization delay？ （）

• A、the time it takes for a Layer 3 switch or a router to switch a packet from an inbound interface to the queue of the outbound interface
• B、the time it takes for a propagate from source to destination
• C、the time it takes to place a frame on the physical medium for transport
• D、the time a packet resides in the outbound queue of a router

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In the use of 802.1X access control， which three protocols are allowed through the switch port  before authentication takes place？ （）

• A、 STP
• B、 CDP
• C、 EAP MD5
• D、 TACACS+
• E、 EAP-over-LAN
• F、 protocols not filtered by an ACL

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According to the behaviorists, all learning takes place through（）.
habit formation
略

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The Silent Way, Community Language Learning, and Suggestopaedia all lay emphasis on the individual and on personal learning strategies.（）

A对

B错

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The Silent Way, Community Language Learning, and Suggestopaedia all lay emphasis on the individual and on personal learning strategies.（）

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pany is implementing 802.1X in order to increase network security. In the use of 802.1X   access control，  which three protocols are allowed through the switch port before authentication  takes place？ （）

• A、 EAP-over-LAN
• B、 EAP MD5
• C、 STP
• D、 protocols not filtered by an ACL
• E、 CDP
• F、 TACACS+

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