Research Is a State of MindFor many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensi

共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are
reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as several chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting
texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications.Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and
broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing
in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the
theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.Unhappily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic
interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help.Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by television.And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.

Much research has been done on interviews in general,so the training of journalistic inter- viewers has likewise been strengthened.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?

A.Their endurance has done justice to them.
B.Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
C.They are the most representative honor.
D.History has never cast doubt on them.

Do you have any idea what you would like to be and do after graduation? A lot of people don′! begin thinking about careers until they reach junior or senior year, which, in my opinion, is too late.
When people are trying to decide what they want to do, it helps to know something they love. Ever since I was little, I′ve always been doing someone′s hair, make-up or nails, starting with Barbie dolls and progressing to humans. Over the years my family has really inspired me to do this and now I fix friends′ and family members′ hair for weddings, dances and other big events.
I have been thinking about what I would like to do for a career since middle school. I did some research and discovered that I might really enjoy being a cosmetologist, so I went to my hair stylist and asked her lots of questions about what it takes to reach her level and what she would recommend I do. I considered her advice and then did more research.
I used Aveda′ s website to get information on the Aveda Institute and what type of credit (贷款) I would need from high school to apply. I found their institute has three parts: theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and professional business-building skills. For the past few years, I have been looking at Aveda in more and more detail. This school not only offers cosmetology, but also massage therapy. I grew up in Minnesota (美国中北部的一个州), so I plan to apply to the institute in Minneapolis that several people have highly recommended. It helps students become "future industry leaders in hair care, skin care, makeup and total body wellness". It is affordable and everyone there is friendly and understanding.
Having done the groundwork and thinking about what I′d like to do after high school, I know that I will definitely pursue my dream of becoming a cosmetologist.
Why does the author think it′s too late for people to start thinking about careers in junior or senior year?

A.Because he/she began to think about them when very young.
B.Because many people are too old to learn.
C.Because a lot of people can't grasp the opportunity.
D.Because many people have little they love.

资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.

What kind services does Suprema Cars provide?

A.It designs classic car models.
B.It produces hand-made cars.
C.It research and develop car-related technologies.
D.It creates advertisements for the cars.

共用题干
第三篇

Animal Testing Controversy

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research

共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.

Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned

Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we（ ）during the day.

A.should have done
B.would have done
C.may have done
D.must have done

Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.23.The following are mentioned as criticisms to taxpayer-funded research EXCEPT

A.the unwillingness of many researchers to publish the original data.
B.the peer review process having failed to do what it should.
C.much long cycle for a paper to get published.
D.the demand of free access to scientific papers.

Many a young scientist__engaged in the research work.

A.have
B.has
C.have been
D.has been

共用题干
第三篇

Animal Testing Controversy

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's________
A:discontent with animal research
B:ignorance about medical science
C:indifference to epidemics
D:anxiety about animal rights

共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.

We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned

共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.

Much research has been done on interviews in general,so the training of journalistic inter-viewers has likewise been strengthened.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned