第19题:
问答题
Practice 2 1840年英国无耻地对中国发动了战争,其罪恶目的在于保护他们在中国的鸦片贸易。 19世纪初,英国东印度公司向中国大量走私产自当时英国的殖民地印度的鸦片。这种不法贸易不仅耗费了中国大量的钱财,而且极大地损害了鸦片吸食者的身心健康。所以,清政府中林则徐等一批头脑清醒的官员,力主全面禁止鸦片贸易。清政府的统治者们也意识到鸦片泛滥的危害,1838年,任命林则徐为钦差大臣,命其到广州实行禁烟。当时,广州是大多数英国烟贩停留、交易的地方。 1839年初,林则徐到任广州,随即采取了坚决措施,严令禁止鸦片贸易。勒令英国烟贩们上缴全部鸦片,总计22000箱(每箱约120斤鸦片),并且在离广州不远的虎门当众销毁。 在英国的鸦片贸易利益集团强烈要求下,英国政府决定向中国发动战争。他们向中国派出舰队,共战船四十多条,军队四千,逼近中国海域。
正确答案:
参考译文
In 1840 Britain shamelessly launched a war on China for a criminal purpose—to protect their opium trade.
In the early nineteenth century, the British East India Company smuggled to China large quantities of opium produced in India, which was then a British colony. This illegal trade not only cost China enormous sums of money, but did great harm to the health and moral quality of those who were addicted to the drug. So clear-headed officials in the Qing government like Lin Zexu wanted to have the trade completely banned. The Qing rulers also saw the danger of the spread of opium, and in 1838 appointed Lin High Commissioner and entrusted him with the task of banning the opium trade in Guangzhou, where most British opium dealers were staying and doing business.
After arriving in Guangzhou early in 1839, Lin took resolute and strict measures to ban the trade. He compelled the British merchants to surrender all their opium, totaling 22, 000 chests (one chest containing about 120 jin of opium) and had it publicly burned in Humen, not far from Guangzhou.
The British government, urged by the interest groups connected with the opium trade, decided to wage war on China. They sent a fleet of over 40 battleships with 4,000 troops to Chinese seas.
解析:
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