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可持续发展（sustainable development）
题目
可持续发展（sustainable development）
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第1题：
Which phase of the software development requires the most development time?
A．the design phase
B．the testing phase
C．the maintenance phase
D．the development phase
正确答案：C
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第2题：
Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //
Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //
Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //
Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu
正确答案：由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化化成的水流入山地湖泊中导致湖水不久将涨满溢出致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果在这个国际山岳年里我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响并采取行动改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来特别是在山区这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此我们需要在当地创造就业机会从而使年青一代有希望能留下来而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力但旅游业必须得到良好的管理以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要因为只有给地球留有生机才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观，尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资，遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人，因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视，当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年，大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言，发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望，所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重，进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产，并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际，让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来，给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要，因为只有给地球留有生机，才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”) -
第3题：
the most important and most difficult part of the making of a good language teacher is ____________________.A. the development of professional competence
B. the development of integrated skills
C. the development of English knowledge
D. the development of language skill
正确答案是:A
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第4题：
To establish the evaluation index system of evaluation of students' all-round development must include__________ ．A.subject learning goals
B.general development goals
C.subject learning goals and general development goals
D.emotional goals答案：C解析：考查学生评价内容。建立评价学生全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括学科学习目标和一般性发展目标。故C正确。 -
第5题：
A quality assurance team should be（ ）.①associated with any particular development group②depended upon any particular development group③responsible for reporting directly to management④in-depended upon any particular development groupA.①②
B.②③
C.③④
D.①②③④答案：C解析：题意为：质量保证小组应该是：associated with any particular development group：关联任何一个特定开发小组。depended upon any particular development group：依赖于任何一个特定开发小组。responsible for reporting directly to management：直接向管理层汇报。in-depended upon any particular development group：在依赖于任何一个特定开发小组。 -
第6题：
“可持续发展”(Sustainable Development)概念的定义是( )。A.在全世界范围内，使各个地区、各个国家、各个民族的经济和社会都得到发展
B.节约能源，保护生态，发展经济
C.既满足当代人的需要，又不对后代满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展
D.在地球资源有限的条件下，保持世界经济持续发展答案：C解析：1992年里约热内卢世界环境与发展大会首先提出的“可持续发展”概念是：“既满足当代人的需要，又不对后代满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展。” -
第7题：
The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）
Athe use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
Bthe development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
Cthe appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
Dthe rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
B
略 -
第8题：
Supply chain management is the （） of these activities through improved supply chain relationship, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
- A、Collection
- B、Assembly
- C、Integration
- D、Operation
正确答案:C -
第9题：
You manage Hyper-V host servers and virtual machines （VMs） by using Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager （VMM） 2008 R2. Developers are members of an AD security group named Development. You need to ensure that on a specific host server， members of the Development group can perform only the Create，Modify，and Remove VM management tasks. What should you do？（）
- A、Create a Self-Service user role and add the Development group to this role.
- B、Create a Delegated Administrator user role and add the Development group to this role.
- C、In Authorization Manager， create a role on the client computer of each member of the Development group， and add the Development group to this role.
- D、Install Hyper-V Manager on the client computer of each member of the Development group，and grant the Development group administrative privileges on the specific server.
正确答案:A -
第10题：
单选题To establish the evaluation index system of evaluation of students’ all-round development must include _____.Asubject learning goals
Bgeneral development goals
Csubject learning goals & general development goals
Demotional goals
正确答案： A解析：
建立评价学生全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括总体发展目标。 -
第11题：
名词解释题可持续发展（sustainable development）正确答案： 是国家的社会和经济发展不仅应满足当代人的需要，而且不应损害子女后代的发展需要，使自然资源与生态环境持续发展，达到经济与环境的协调发展解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题You manage Hyper-V host servers and virtual machines （VMs） by using Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager （VMM） 2008 R2. Developers are members of an AD security group named Development. You need to ensure that on a specific host server， members of the Development group can perform only the Create，Modify，and Remove VM management tasks. What should you do？（）ACreate a Self-Service user role and add the Development group to this role.
BCreate a Delegated Administrator user role and add the Development group to this role.
CIn Authorization Manager， create a role on the client computer of each member of the Development group， and add the Development group to this role.
DInstall Hyper-V Manager on the client computer of each member of the Development group，and grant the Development group administrative privileges on the specific server.
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发(the survey and development)方面取得了巨大成就，这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设(modernization program)}的需要。同时中国还积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源。中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展(sustainable development)确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。
正确答案：
参考译文
China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize mineral resources． Over the past five decades．China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained，rapid and sound development of Chinese economy．China is a developing country with a large population and a relative s homage of resources．It mainly depends on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program．Meanwhile，it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources．The Chinese Government attacks great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources．It has made
sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy．
【难点注释】
1．第一句中，短语“开发利用矿产资源”是“国家”的定浯之一，在这里使用了动词不定式结构作“国家”的后置定语；“开发利用”可以译为to develop and utilize。
2．第二句内容比较多，此句时间状语是Over the past five decades，主句需用现在完成时态；“提供了重要保障”可以用短语provide an important guarantee for sth．来表示；“持续、快速、健康发展”可以译为the sustained，rapid and sound development。
3．第三句中，“人口众多”、“资源相对不足”可以分别译为a large population和a relative shortage of rescreen；“依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要”，这里出现了“依靠”与“保障”两个动词，译成英语时用动词不定式结构将两者连接起来，后者做目的状语。
4．第四句中，“引进”可以译为introduce。
5．第五句中，“保护资源”在句中是名词短语，可以译为the protection of resources。“把可持续发展确定为国家战略”，这里的主语与前一句的主语相同，是指The Chinese Government，译成英语时用It指代即可。 -
第14题：
according to fu daochun(2001), teachers’ roles are not static. they change with ______________.A. the development of the society
B. the development of teaching methods
C. the development of language
D. the development of learning strategies
正确答案是:A
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第15题：
Asystemadministratorhasbeenaskedtomigratethedev_vgvolumegroupfromserverAtoserverB.Thedev_vgvolumegroupcontainsasinglefilesystemnamed"/development".Toprepareformigration，whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsequenceofcommandsforremovingthevolumegroupfromserverA？（）
A.exportvgdev_vg；umount/development；varyoffvgdev_vg
B.varyoffvgdev_vg；umount/development；exportvgdev_vg
C.umount/development；exportvgdev_vg；varyoffvgdev_vg
D.umount/development；varyoffvgdev_vg；exportvgdev_vg
参考答案：D
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第16题：
According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to ______.A. the development of industry
B. a growth in population
C. the failure of the development programme
D. the development of new towns答案：C解析：由第二段的"But the oil industry has already started to draw people from the south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins. "可以推知C正确。 -
第17题：
Consequently，a sustainable business model can______companies to better adapt to complex environments and achieve sustainable competitive advantages。A.render
B.enable
C.cause
D.ensure答案：B解析：本题考查近义词辨析。题目意为“因此，一个可持续的商业模式能够使企业更好地适应复杂的环境，实现可持续的竞争优势。”A选项“致使，补偿”，B选项“使能够，使可能”，C选项“引起，造成”，D选项“保证，确保”。空格后面有to，所以空格填一个能接to的动词。固定搭配enable sb/sth to do sth，使可能，B选项正确。
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第18题：
“可持续发展”(sustainaBle development)观念第一次在国际社会正式提出的场合是：( )A.罗马俱乐部《增长的极限》
B.1972年联合国在斯德哥尔摩召开的人类环境会议通过的《人类环境宣言》
C.1976年人居大会(Habitat)
D.1978年联合国环境与发展大会答案：D解析： -
第19题：
The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）
- A、the use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
- B、the development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
- C、the appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
- D、the rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
正确答案:B -
第20题：
A system administrator has determined that the /development filesystem needs to be changed from JFS to JFS2 to take advantage of the new capabilites available in JFS2. What is the method to convert the /development filesystem from type JFS to JFS2？（）
- A、Umount the /development filesystem and remount it using the following command： mount -t jfs2 /development
- B、Edit the /etc/filesystems file to change the type paramter to "jfs2" and change the log parameter to "jfs2log"
- C、Backup the /development filesystem data， delete the JFS /development filesystem， create the new JFS2 /development filsystem， and restore the data to the /development filesystem
- D、Backup the /development filesystem data， change the /development filesystem using the following command，chfs -t type=jfs2 /development.then， restore the data to the /development filesystem
正确答案:C -
第21题：
单选题A system administrator has determined that the /development filesystem needs to be changed from JFS to JFS2 to take advantage of the new capabilites available in JFS2. What is the method to convert the /development filesystem from type JFS to JFS2？（）AUmount the /development filesystem and remount it using the following command： mount -t jfs2 /development
BEdit the /etc/filesystems file to change the type paramter to jfs2 and change the log parameter to jfs2log
CBackup the /development filesystem data， delete the JFS /development filesystem， create the new JFS2 /development filsystem， and restore the data to the /development filesystem
DBackup the /development filesystem data， change the /development filesystem using the following command，chfs -t type=jfs2 /development.then， restore the data to the /development filesystem
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）Athe use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
Bthe development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
Cthe appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
Dthe rapid development of industry,railway and large cities
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Resource efficiency means reducing the environmental impact of the consumption and production of goods and services. The doing more with less slogan indicates the focus on more outputs with fewer impacts. Efficiency gains do not guarantee that the overall outcome stays within the ecological carrying capacity of the Earth. Influencing the demand side is therefore another prerequisite for sustainable development.It is indeed timely to recognize that the world cannot achieve sustainable, economic growth with old fashioned consumption and production patterns. Companies will have to accelerate the trends of polluting less and of designing, producing and marketing better products and services. Consumers have to get used to the fact that environmental concerns are as important in their daily choices as considerations of price, convenience and quality. And governments and civil society have a key role to play in inspiring such a process.正确答案：
资源增效指的是减少商品和服务生产过程及消费过程对环境产生的影响。“用更少创造更多”这一口号表明其重心在于用较少的影响来创造更多的产出。生产效率的提高并不能保证整体结果能维持在地球的生态承受力范围之内。因此,对需求方的影响成为了可持续发展的另一先决条件。
我们现在确实迫切需要意识到传统的消费生产模式是无法实现经济的可持续发展的。公司需要加快减污减排的脚步,敦促自身去设计、生产和经营更好的产品和服务。消费者也要接受这一事实——在日常购物时,对环境的影响、商品价格、便利度和产品品质都应被纳入考虑范围内,作为进行选择的参考条件。此外,政府和民间团体也需在推进上述进程中发挥关键性作用。解析： 暂无解析