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问答题Practice 12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. I have learned that success is to be measured not so,: much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which one has overco
题目
问答题
Practice 12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. I have learned that success is to be measured not so,: much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which one has overcome while trying to succeed. —Booker T. Washington Assignment: Is the struggle endured to achieve success more important than the accomplishment itself? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
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参考答案和解析
正确答案：
【参考范文】
While overcoming obstacles can build character, I do not believe that such struggles are more important than the accomplishment itself. Struggles can help us learn and discover simpler paths toward success, but struggle is defined more by the pain it causes than by the lessons it teaches. We can see this in examining historic wars and modern heroes.
Many films and novels praise the nobility of battle and the lessons learned in war. But the price paid by soldiers and innocent people significantly outweighs these lessons. In international disputes, success with- out conflict is far better than the triumph of war. By avoiding war, nations avoid the tragedy of lost lives as well as the economic hardships involved in rebuilding infrastructure and paying off debt.
Many suggest that heroes like Lance Armstrong demonstrate the value of overcoming adversity. In the past seven years, Armstrong has overcome a battle with cancer to win an unprecedented seven straight championships at the Tour de France. His story has provided cancer patients with one of their most inspiring narratives. But as wonderful as those effects have been, Armstrong’s story would have been better if he had not been forced to overcome cancer. Armstrong is an exceptional athlete, and accomplished an astonishing feat that his illness should not eclipse. In fact, he was stricken by a very treatable form of cancer. Are we truly helping cancer patients by making them believe that all cancer treatment can be easily scheduled between training runs? No. His story may help aspiring cyclists far more than it helps patients facing months of painful chemotherapy.
Another interesting example is Alice Sebold, a writer who has overcome a traumatic rape she suffered in college. It’s difficult to overstate the magnitude of her struggles in overcoming this violation to write two beautifully crafted works, The Lovely Bones and Lucky. Although her battles undeniably helped to craft her work, her status as a writer is unrelated to her status as a victim. Without such pain in her life, I believe that she would have created different, but equally powerful stories. Artists suffer enough by being able to see so deeply into the human condition; literature is not served any better when its greatest writers are subjected to torture. Stories of success despite adversity are well rep- resented in books, films, and even daily newscasts. They inspire us by showing triumphs of the human spirit. The danger here, however, is in using these struggles as a crutch, depersonalizing adversity in an effort to feel less afraid of our own difficulties. There is nothing wrong with feeling inspired by a story of overcome obstacles and suggesting that struggle builds character. But it is the accomplishments themselves that represent success, not the struggle. Success without wounds leaves room for greater happiness, fewer losses, and better health.
While overcoming obstacles can build character, I do not believe that such struggles are more important than the accomplishment itself. Struggles can help us learn and discover simpler paths toward success, but struggle is defined more by the pain it causes than by the lessons it teaches. We can see this in examining historic wars and modern heroes.
Many films and novels praise the nobility of battle and the lessons learned in war. But the price paid by soldiers and innocent people significantly outweighs these lessons. In international disputes, success with- out conflict is far better than the triumph of war. By avoiding war, nations avoid the tragedy of lost lives as well as the economic hardships involved in rebuilding infrastructure and paying off debt.
Many suggest that heroes like Lance Armstrong demonstrate the value of overcoming adversity. In the past seven years, Armstrong has overcome a battle with cancer to win an unprecedented seven straight championships at the Tour de France. His story has provided cancer patients with one of their most inspiring narratives. But as wonderful as those effects have been, Armstrong’s story would have been better if he had not been forced to overcome cancer. Armstrong is an exceptional athlete, and accomplished an astonishing feat that his illness should not eclipse. In fact, he was stricken by a very treatable form of cancer. Are we truly helping cancer patients by making them believe that all cancer treatment can be easily scheduled between training runs? No. His story may help aspiring cyclists far more than it helps patients facing months of painful chemotherapy.
Another interesting example is Alice Sebold, a writer who has overcome a traumatic rape she suffered in college. It’s difficult to overstate the magnitude of her struggles in overcoming this violation to write two beautifully crafted works, The Lovely Bones and Lucky. Although her battles undeniably helped to craft her work, her status as a writer is unrelated to her status as a victim. Without such pain in her life, I believe that she would have created different, but equally powerful stories. Artists suffer enough by being able to see so deeply into the human condition; literature is not served any better when its greatest writers are subjected to torture. Stories of success despite adversity are well rep- resented in books, films, and even daily newscasts. They inspire us by showing triumphs of the human spirit. The danger here, however, is in using these struggles as a crutch, depersonalizing adversity in an effort to feel less afraid of our own difficulties. There is nothing wrong with feeling inspired by a story of overcome obstacles and suggesting that struggle builds character. But it is the accomplishments themselves that represent success, not the struggle. Success without wounds leaves room for greater happiness, fewer losses, and better health.
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更多“问答题Practice 12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. I have learned that success is to be measured not so,: much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which one has overco”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
第一篇
There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people,simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success.Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep,enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society.On the other hand,it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions,many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful,one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving suecess,but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success:"You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown."The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like,and to which you have given your best effort."The last paragraph implies that__________.
A:we should have high goals
B:success means achieving great goals
C:success means taking a walk in the park
D:success means trying one's best at what one really likes答案：D解析：推断题。根据第一段最后一句：Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．由于每个人天赋有所不同，而且所拥有的可以使这种天赋得以实现的有利环境也因人而异，确实应该对成功做一个广义的定义。该句话暗示取得成功的主要因素就是能力和环境。因此正确答案选C。
词义推断题。thrifty“节约的”; wealthy“富有的”; wasteful“浪费的”; miserable“可怜的，悲惨的”。根据该句中…poor shepherd...enjoy his frugal life…以及后一句话中的 On the other hand ,...appear to be rich....seem to be miserable…通过对照来说明财富并不是评判成功的标准。贫穷的牧羊人虽然生活节俭但很享受，而有钱人却过着自认为悲惨的生活。
细节题。根据第二段第三句：...some people appear to be rich in material possessions，…consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success．有的人似乎物质上很富裕，可是按照他们自己对于成功的判断标准来看，他们却并不认为自己成功。由此可知，有些富人之所以觉得自己不成功就是因为他们按照自己对于成功的标准来判断。因此正确答案选D。
推断题。最后一段最后一句：The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like , and to which you have given your best effort.”这位咨询人员补充道：除非你已经尽力而为但没有做成自己特别喜欢的事情，否则你并没有失败，也没有减少成功的概率。由此可以推断：只有已经尽力而为但没有做成自己喜欢的事情才是失败，只要是尽力做好自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选D。
主旨题。根据第一段第一句：There are many ways of defining success．和最后一句：...it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．可知本文主要内容即成功的定义。第二段主要通过举例子的方式来说明成功的定义可以很宽泛。最后一段则是通过一位咨询人士之口来暗示出：只要尽最大的努力去做自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选A。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第一篇
There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people,simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success.Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep,enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society.On the other hand,it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions,many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful,one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving suecess,but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success:"You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown."The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like,and to which you have given your best effort."Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because_________.
A:their life is miserable
B:they do not live in peace
C:their goals are too low
D:they are not rich enough by their own standards答案：D解析：推断题。根据第一段最后一句：Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．由于每个人天赋有所不同，而且所拥有的可以使这种天赋得以实现的有利环境也因人而异，确实应该对成功做一个广义的定义。该句话暗示取得成功的主要因素就是能力和环境。因此正确答案选C。
词义推断题。thrifty“节约的”; wealthy“富有的”; wasteful“浪费的”; miserable“可怜的，悲惨的”。根据该句中…poor shepherd...enjoy his frugal life…以及后一句话中的 On the other hand ,...appear to be rich....seem to be miserable…通过对照来说明财富并不是评判成功的标准。贫穷的牧羊人虽然生活节俭但很享受，而有钱人却过着自认为悲惨的生活。
细节题。根据第二段第三句：...some people appear to be rich in material possessions，…consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success．有的人似乎物质上很富裕，可是按照他们自己对于成功的判断标准来看，他们却并不认为自己成功。由此可知，有些富人之所以觉得自己不成功就是因为他们按照自己对于成功的标准来判断。因此正确答案选D。
推断题。最后一段最后一句：The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like , and to which you have given your best effort.”这位咨询人员补充道：除非你已经尽力而为但没有做成自己特别喜欢的事情，否则你并没有失败，也没有减少成功的概率。由此可以推断：只有已经尽力而为但没有做成自己喜欢的事情才是失败，只要是尽力做好自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选D。
主旨题。根据第一段第一句：There are many ways of defining success．和最后一句：...it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．可知本文主要内容即成功的定义。第二段主要通过举例子的方式来说明成功的定义可以很宽泛。最后一段则是通过一位咨询人士之口来暗示出：只要尽最大的努力去做自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选A。 -
第3题：
A medical customer has a rack with four BladeCenter H chassis that have been operating normally for several months. After installing a new rack of servers in the data center, the system administrator notices the blowers in the BladeCenters have increased their speed. Which of the following caused this problem? （）
- A、The room temperature has reached 23C (73.4F).
- B、A Blade within the chassis has been shut down.
- C、The ambient temperature in the data center has increased
- D、One of the additional System X servers in the BladeCenter rack has failed.
正确答案:C -
第4题：
问答题Practice 7 Some people would say that the Englishman's home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average English is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one.. the high cost of labor has meant that the builders and decorators' costs have reached a level which makes them prohibitive for house-proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the “Do-it-yourself Movement”. The “Do-it-yourself Movement” began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the “do-it- yourself” method.正确答案： 【参考译文】
有些人会说,英国人的家不再是自己的城堡,而成了自家的工场。一方面是因为普通英国人热衷于自己动手干活,另一方面是因为出于某种原因,他觉得自己必须干许多家务活,而在几年前,他会雇专业人员来干。其中主要原因是经济问题:劳动力昂贵意味着请建筑工和装潢工的费用涨了许多,以家为荣但收入不高的英国人负担不起。因此,如果这些英国人想让自己的住宅保持明亮而又漂亮,他们就得自己动手对住宅作些修缮和装饰。其结果是,在战后的年代里,英国出现了有时候被称为“自己动手”的运动。
“自己动手运动”始于居室装潢,此后又扩展到更多领域。如今,没有多少事情不能自己动手来做。解析： 暂无解析 -
第5题：
问答题Practice 13 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. —In any contest between power and patience, bet on patience. —W.B, Prescott Assignment: Which is a more powerful force of social change: power or patience? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Although the first two centuries of the American experiment have been characterized by the systematic disenfrachisement of African Americans, women, the destitute, and those from the wrong political party, democracy has slowly and patiently evolved and strengthened, not through military victories, but by patient commitment to an idea. Indeed, democracy is the antithesis of concentrated power. Yet, tragically, recent American leaders act as if it can be forced upon a people, in ignorance of the true history of their own democracy, and of the nature of democracy itself. They have come to believe that America, by dint of its relative success with democracy at home, has earned the right to exert its unbridled will throughout the world. They will fail because they do not understand the value of patience over power, of ideas over arms, of compassion over strategy. The patient commitment to true democracy will, in the long run, be more powerful than the strongest army on earth.
The current war in Iraq was first proclaimed as a preemptive strike against terrorists in order to protect our homeland. When it was revealed beyond doubt that Iraq in fact posed no threat to us, our leaders re-cast the war as one to free Iraq and bring democracy to an oppressed people. But this could not possibly be so. Such proclamations express only the wishes of politicians, not human reality. Democracy is the patient triumph of ideas over might. It is a waging of words rather than a waging of war; it is a faith in humanity to choose what is right and good, not to force-feed a single-minded view down the throats of the masses.
But, the neoconservatives say, our own freedom, our own democracy, was earned only through wars like the Revolutionary War, the Civil War and the World Wars. We must exert our power and perhaps spill the blood of our brave soldiers so that freedom will reign! But this is true only for one’s own freedom, not the freedom of others. Each people must earn its own freedom. No country on this earth will ever accept that it has been given democracy by an invading force. It’s story must belong to its people, just as the story of our freedom is our own.
We have a long way to go before we understand democracy well enough to preach it to others, let alone force it down their throats. True leaders lead by example, not by force. When our leaders learn the true meaning of democracy well enough to live it, then they will have earned the right to speak it, and the world will follow their example. To reach that point, we need patient faith in an idea, not the powers of arms.解析： 暂无解析 -
第6题：
问答题Practice 12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. I have learned that success is to be measured not so,: much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which one has overcome while trying to succeed. —Booker T. Washington Assignment: Is the struggle endured to achieve success more important than the accomplishment itself? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
While overcoming obstacles can build character, I do not believe that such struggles are more important than the accomplishment itself. Struggles can help us learn and discover simpler paths toward success, but struggle is defined more by the pain it causes than by the lessons it teaches. We can see this in examining historic wars and modern heroes.
Many films and novels praise the nobility of battle and the lessons learned in war. But the price paid by soldiers and innocent people significantly outweighs these lessons. In international disputes, success with- out conflict is far better than the triumph of war. By avoiding war, nations avoid the tragedy of lost lives as well as the economic hardships involved in rebuilding infrastructure and paying off debt.
Many suggest that heroes like Lance Armstrong demonstrate the value of overcoming adversity. In the past seven years, Armstrong has overcome a battle with cancer to win an unprecedented seven straight championships at the Tour de France. His story has provided cancer patients with one of their most inspiring narratives. But as wonderful as those effects have been, Armstrong’s story would have been better if he had not been forced to overcome cancer. Armstrong is an exceptional athlete, and accomplished an astonishing feat that his illness should not eclipse. In fact, he was stricken by a very treatable form of cancer. Are we truly helping cancer patients by making them believe that all cancer treatment can be easily scheduled between training runs? No. His story may help aspiring cyclists far more than it helps patients facing months of painful chemotherapy.
Another interesting example is Alice Sebold, a writer who has overcome a traumatic rape she suffered in college. It’s difficult to overstate the magnitude of her struggles in overcoming this violation to write two beautifully crafted works, The Lovely Bones and Lucky. Although her battles undeniably helped to craft her work, her status as a writer is unrelated to her status as a victim. Without such pain in her life, I believe that she would have created different, but equally powerful stories. Artists suffer enough by being able to see so deeply into the human condition; literature is not served any better when its greatest writers are subjected to torture. Stories of success despite adversity are well rep- resented in books, films, and even daily newscasts. They inspire us by showing triumphs of the human spirit. The danger here, however, is in using these struggles as a crutch, depersonalizing adversity in an effort to feel less afraid of our own difficulties. There is nothing wrong with feeling inspired by a story of overcome obstacles and suggesting that struggle builds character. But it is the accomplishments themselves that represent success, not the struggle. Success without wounds leaves room for greater happiness, fewer losses, and better health.解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
问答题Practice 8 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. We must seriously question the idea of majority rule. The majority grinned and jeered when Columbus said the world was round. The majority threw him into a dungeon for his discoveries. Where is the logic in the notion that the opinion held by a majority of people should have the power to influence our decisions? Adapted from James A. Reed, Majority Rule Assignment: Is the opinion of the majority—in government or in any other circumstances—a poor guide? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
“There is safety in numbers.” This old saying illustrates how comforting it can be to know that the majority is on your side and that you are not alone in your endeavor. When you are attempting to climb a mountain, or explore a hidden cave, or maneuver a football down field for a score, you certainly want a majority of your comrades to be there with you, urging you on and assisting in your quest. But when it comes to making important decisions, whether in your private or public life, a simple majority vote will not always be your best guide; indeed, in many cases, the majority may very well be wrong.
Take the case of an intelligent high school student who wants to be popular with her classmates. She could decide to be true to herself and join the other equally intelligent students who comprise the “nerd” minority at her school. But most likely she will be more attracted to the styles and behaviors of the majority—those students who think studying is for geeks, who are more concerned about the latest fashions than the latest ideas, and who may very well encourage her to experiment with drinking and drugs. The pressure of the peer majority is often irresistible.
Consider also the reaction of the majority of people to unfamiliar or suspicious behavior. A majority of people living in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 decided that 19 men and women were practicing witchcraft (based on the testimony of a few mean-spirited and histrionic girls) and carried them off to the gallows to be hanged. When Galileo dared to suggest (based on his factual observations) that the earth was NOT the center of the universe, a majority of Catholic Church fathers accused him of heresy.
Lastly, when it comes to the concept of “majority rule” in governmental institutions, how often have the results been skewed by the majority’s inability to think rationally and act reasonably? Average Germans in the 1930s gave their support to a new leader who they thought would lead them out of the economic bankruptcy caused by World War I. A majority voted for Adolf Hitler. Tyrants do not always take control of their countries by themselves; often they are elected by the very people they will later persecute. Yes, there may be “safety” in numbers, but there is no guarantee they will be fight.解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
问答题题目要求： The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders: ·A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. ·Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet. ·An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. ·If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores maybe canceled. You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.Practice 1 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. The liberally educated person is one who is able to resist the easy and preferred answers, not because he is obstinate but because he knows others worthy of Consideration. —Allan Bloom Assignment: What is one important easy and preferred answer that we should resist? That is, what dangerous misconception do people commonly hold? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
One of the most dangerous misconceptions that people hold today is the idea that our enemies are fundamentally different from us. It is easy, to a certain extent, to understand how such a belief comes about. Most human societies must kill in order to survive, but must at the same time prohibit particular kinds of killing. Throughout our history, humans have been meat-eaters, and so must kill and eat animals in order to thrive (the minority of vegetarians notwithstanding). Also, societies must often defend themselves against violent enemies, necessitating the occasional use of deadly force. On the other hand, civilized societies must prohibit most killing within their own ranks, so that their populations do not die out or suffer needlessly.
So how do humans deal with this dichotomy: the need to kill, at least occasionally, to survive, and the need to prohibit killing within its ranks? Simply, humans have developed the concepts of us and them. It is okay to kill and eat animals because they do not have the value of humans. Perhaps, too, a society may justify the killing of animals by adopting a belief system that says that animals are gifts to humans from a divine being or beings.
In much the same way, humans are inclined to put their enemies in the category of other, that is, less than human, or to believe that a divine being has given them permission to kill those enemies. Paradoxically, those religious systems are also very likely to have severe restrictions against killing other human beings. In practice, most cultures regard these as restrictions merely against killing their own kind. However, this type of thinking is counterproductive to the goal of building more just and functional societies. If one society can easily categorize another as an enemy and thereby reduce its foes to the status of animal, then the concept of universal human rights is abolished.
We see the dangers inherent in denying the humanity of our enemies in the United States today. Although the American Constitution champions the concept of inalienable rights that are due to all human beings, the United States Senate is actively engaged in undermining those rights. The right of habeas corpus, that is, the right of a person in custody to seek a hearing to determine whether or not he or she is being held justly, is a cornerstone of the United States Constitution. It is regarded as a fundamental element of a just society. Yet the Senate is seeking to eliminate that right for foreign detainees captured in the war on terror. In other words, the mere suspicion of terrorism—not proof, but suspicion—is evidently reason enough to reduce a human being to the status of an animal. This heinous distinction of us versus them will surely have dire consequences for the United States, who will rightfully be seen as being grossly hypocritical on the matter of human rights.
Even beyond the trampling of human rights, the us versus them distinction is not even as useful in wartime as it may seem at first glance, because to defeat our enemy, we must understand our enemy. If we begin with the assumption that your enemy lacks human intelligence, desires and motivations, then we risk severely underestimating his ability. Therefore, if the United States continues down this dangerous path, it runs the risk of losing not only the moral war but the actual war.解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
问答题Practice 4 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. A sense of happiness and fulfillment, not personal gain, is the best motivation and reward for one’s achievements. Expecting a reward of wealth or recognition for achieving a goal can lead to disappointment and frustration. If we want to be happy in what we do in life, we should not seek achievement for the sake of winning wealth and fame. The personal satisfaction of a job well done is its own reward. Assignment: Are people motivated to achieve by personal satisfaction rather than by money or fame? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
People are motivated by anything with which they equate the increasing of personal satisfaction, and this includes the incentives: money and fame. It would be a great oversight to assume that the two are substitutes for personal satisfaction, but fortune and glory need not be mutually exclusive from individual contentment. Rather, each person possesses a unique standard for achievement; some may strive to succeed in order to gain recognition, or to amass wealth, while others perform accomplishments in order to help the poor or needy, or to give back to society. Regardless of what the motivation is, every human action is aimed at increasing personal satisfaction.
According to the prompt, one ought to seek contentment through achievements without expecting external benefits or recognition, but this theory does not acknowledge the fact that many people in modern (and in past) societies associate fulfillment with the acquirement of material goods and prominence. Materialism and narcissism are behaviors that, when pervasive throughout a society, may erode social fabric and the spirit of humanity in communities. But the desire to achieve success so as to gain riches or fame does not necessarily need to be destructive, nor detrimental to the general population.
Take for example, Donald Trump—real estate tycoon, billionaire, reality-TV star, twice- divorced family man, published author, and many more titles. He began his career as a real estate developer in his father’s company after graduating from the Wharton School of Business, and successfully created a legacy that his son and daughter are continuing. Trump has been a billionaire since 2007, and his role on the reality TV show “The Apprentice” has increased his fame around the world. In his interviews and publications, Trump gives no indication of regretting his pursuit of fortune and glory, nor does he show any sign of slowing down the growth of the Trump empire. Contrary to what the prompt indicates, personal satisfaction may be intimately tied to the achievement of financial surplus and prestige. That is, thousands of people are motivated by money and fame, but for some, personal satisfaction is unattainable without the two because they believe that their happiness will be derived from reputation or treasure.
History is ripe with examples of every kind of motivator—fame, wealth, knowledge, peace, love, safety, etc. Alexander the Great pursued fame and power, President Roosevelt advocated international peace and domestic prosperity and Mother Theresa worked to improve children’s lives. But as Aristotle explained his Ethics, the pursuit of the “good” is wide and varied. Each man may believe that how he lives is the right path to achieving personal happiness. The banker believes he needs money to be happy, while the teacher finds disseminating knowledge to be fulfilling. Regardless of whether a path is correct or wrong, every person is motivated by the common factor of personal satisfaction.解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Practice 11 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. It is easy to make judgments about people and their actions when we do not know anything about their circumstances or what motivated them to take those actions. But we should look beyond a person’s actions. When people do things that we consider outrageous, inconsiderate, or harmful, we should try to understand why they acted as they did. Assignment: Is it important to try to understand people’s motivations before judging their actions? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Why do people do the things they do? Sometimes it’s not that difficult to understand a person’s motivation; A father may choose to work a second job, which may take him away from his family for long periods of time. He doesn’t want to be an absent father, but he believes that his actions will eventually benefit his family. He is motivated by his love for his wife and children. A mother may choose to forego buying herself new clothes or jewelry so that she can be sure her children have enough to eat, nice clothes, and toys. Her motivation is also her love of her family. But when it comes to people whose motivations are a mystery to us, it is always important to try and decipher their feelings so as to help them (or keep them from hurting anyone else).
What motivates certain people to kill? If we can answer that question, we may be able to identify such inclinations in others and so prevent them from acting out their anger. For surely it is anger that frequently leads to violence. A political assassin, for example, is typically infuriated by the way his country is being run by the current leaders. If there had been some way to know how outraged Lee Harvey Oswald was, or SirhanSirhan, or James Earl Ray, there might have been some way to prevent the deaths of John Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. If only someone had been able to gain some insight into the workings of Timothy McVeigh’s maddened mind, the tragedy of Oklahoma City in 1995 might have been averted.
In other cases, it is not anger, necessarily, but more likely despair that motivates people to commit desperate acts. In 1995, Susan Smith was convicted of the unspeakable act of drowning her two young sons by rolling her car into a lake with them strapped inside. Later, authorities found out that she herself had had a terrible childhood (she was regularly molested by her stepfather) and twice had tried to commit suicide. If anyone could have understood this tormented woman’s mentality, those two little boys might have been saved.
It is easy to condemn a person for committing a despicable act. It is much harder to discover what their motivation was for acting in such a tragic way, but it is worth the effort.解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 2 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Being truly human as a member of a society means seeing injustice and working to fix it. The human mind is endowed with not only the ability to perceive the world and act instinctively, but to visualize a better future and endeavor to realize it. Assignment: What is one great injustice in the world, and how should it be addresed? Write an essay in which you answer this question and explain the reasons for your choice. You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
One great in justice that has not been adequately addressed is the perception that depression is a sign of weakness. The human mind is a complex puzzle. Psychological theories, diagnoses and treatment are constantly changing and may never be fully understood. Unfortunately, people tend to dismiss theories that don’t provide simple answers.
At best, psychologists can create a rough map of tendencies and patterns, connecting them as often as possible to findings in neurology and thus lending them a sense of scientific validity, . Diagnosing a complex disease like depression involves examining a wide constellation of symptoms over a long period of time. This doesn’t satisfy skeptics. Someone with the flu will show clear symptoms like fever, nausea, and congestion. A depressed person will have less measurable symptoms like lethargy, emotional polarity or apathy. Skeptics tend to view these as simply a lack of will. They do not understand that depression is an illness just like influenza or cancer. Someone with a tumor can’t just think happy thoughts and pretend it is not there. The same can be said about clinical depression.
People suffering from depression are unfairly stigmatized. They resist seeking help and so lead lives filled with unnecessary pain. Those lucky enough to find help are often ashamed to tell their peers. Friends often misconstrue symptoms of depression as personal slights. . Why didn’t she call me? Why is he not fun anymore? Bonds are thus broken due to miscommunication.
Depression alters one’s life at least as dramatically as more “accepted” illnesses do. People suffering from depression need others to understand the limitations deprssion imposes. They need to be allowed to heal. Advances in anti-depresents and mood stabilizers can help ease these adjustments, but social pressure makes it nearly impossible for the victims of depression to live in a suitable environment.
Emotional disorders are a remarkably sad facet of life. To lose control over one’s emotions is to lose track of hope. A world that denies one’s suffering makes this situation even worse. The key to resolving this problem is education. People of all ages need to understand how prevalent depression is and that it is not a cause for embarrassment. Hopefully, we will one day live in a world where emotional disorders will be treated with the same tolerance and compassion as “traditional” illnesses.解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 1 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in a group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each study method and which one do you think is more effective? You should write at least 250 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
As for choosing a better way of learning, some people believe that group learning is efficient in many aspects, while, others, on the contrary, think that individual learning can be give big harvests. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows.
The benefits of teamwork can be illustrated from two aspects: For one thing, the solidarity and power of a team can not be compared with by only an individual, which makes it possible the accomplishment of more advanced and tougher missions And at the same time, one can learn the good points which they do not have from their partners. For the other thing, it is also significant for people to improve their communicative skills in learning and social activities. Apparently, interpersonal relationships are among the most important ones in people's daily activities. At the same time, group learning means more people are sharing the fees, which can lower the ecomic burden of students. Anyhow, abtaining an equal chance to pursue education is of fundamental importance.
When it comes to learning individually, however, also two main benefits should be manifested: Firstly, it cultivates one's independence step by step. In other words, one tries to explore what he wants to learn through learning and thinking individually. Moreover, if one has to accomplish a project all by himself, it will be definitely necessary for him to devote himself to studying without any disruptions. With preoccupation, he may discover something new, besides discovering knowledge already existing, which is superior to group learning.
To sum up, both group and individual learning are essential to students. The ways vary from person to person based on one’s own demands and desires of learning. To solve this problem more efficiently and effectively, governments and experts should consider over this issue more insightfully and prudently.解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people,simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success.Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep,enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society.On the other hand,it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions,many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful,one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving suecess,but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success:"You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown."The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like,and to which you have given your best effort."This passage mainly talks about__________.
A:the definition of success
B:how to set goals
C:how to achieve success
D:the importance of goals答案：A解析：推断题。根据第一段最后一句：Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．由于每个人天赋有所不同，而且所拥有的可以使这种天赋得以实现的有利环境也因人而异，确实应该对成功做一个广义的定义。该句话暗示取得成功的主要因素就是能力和环境。因此正确答案选C。
词义推断题。thrifty“节约的”; wealthy“富有的”; wasteful“浪费的”; miserable“可怜的，悲惨的”。根据该句中…poor shepherd...enjoy his frugal life…以及后一句话中的 On the other hand ,...appear to be rich....seem to be miserable…通过对照来说明财富并不是评判成功的标准。贫穷的牧羊人虽然生活节俭但很享受，而有钱人却过着自认为悲惨的生活。
细节题。根据第二段第三句：...some people appear to be rich in material possessions，…consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success．有的人似乎物质上很富裕，可是按照他们自己对于成功的判断标准来看，他们却并不认为自己成功。由此可知，有些富人之所以觉得自己不成功就是因为他们按照自己对于成功的标准来判断。因此正确答案选D。
推断题。最后一段最后一句：The counselor added,"You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like , and to which you have given your best effort.”这位咨询人员补充道：除非你已经尽力而为但没有做成自己特别喜欢的事情，否则你并没有失败，也没有减少成功的概率。由此可以推断：只有已经尽力而为但没有做成自己喜欢的事情才是失败，只要是尽力做好自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选D。
主旨题。根据第一段第一句：There are many ways of defining success．和最后一句：...it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly．可知本文主要内容即成功的定义。第二段主要通过举例子的方式来说明成功的定义可以很宽泛。最后一段则是通过一位咨询人士之口来暗示出：只要尽最大的努力去做自己喜欢的事情就是成功。因此正确答案选A。 -
第14题：
Which of the following sentences isincorrect?A."I don't like carnets.""Me neither."
B.This one is the better of the two.
C.You are not so lazy as him.
D.Everyone has his own ideas.答案：C解析：考查代词的用法。本题考生容易误选成A项。A项中的men either为口语中的简略说法，等同于neither do I，均表示“我也不……”，主要用于延续前面的否定意思。C项中的as为连词，引导比较状语从句，其正确表述应为You are not so lazy as he(is)．as后面的be动词可省略，则保留下来的应该是主格he而不是宾格him。故C项不正确。 -
第15题：
A technician has had several support requests for one PC. The technician has reseated the PCIcards and replaced the hard drive in the PC located in a school cafeteria kitchen. PCs located in the business office or the classrooms have not had this issue. Which of the following is MOST likely causing this PC’s issue?（）
- A、Faulty RAM
- B、240 volt Kitchen outlets
- C、Power Brownouts
- D、Excessive Heat
正确答案:D -
第16题：
问答题Practice 5 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Nearly twenty years ago, President Ronald Reagan said to scientists and Nobel laureates, “You on the cutting edge of technology have already made yesterday’s impossibilities the commonplace realities of today.” In the same year, author C. P. Snow expressed a more ambivalent view: “Technology...brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other.” (NY Times) Assignment: What is your opinion of the claim that the benefits of new technology always outweigh the costs? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Over the last two decades, the world has become increasingly aware of environmental damage caused by technology and industrialization. There are various international non-profit agencies, such as Greenpeace, and lobbying movements that continue to protest against the destruction of nature. In response, many companies have changed their policies to become eco-friendly, and new techno- logy has shifted from adding pollution to the world to recycling and reusing energy and material. Of course, there are exceptions, but current technological innovations are increasingly beneficial to the environment and human lifestyles.
Take for example, hybrid cars, which run on electricity and gas. When environmentalists began protesting against the massive amount of carbon emissions produced by oil-run transportation, car companies took note and began producing electric and hybrid automobiles. Now, Toyota, Honda, Ford, and GM, among other automakers produce such cars, and the Toyota Hybrid has become increasingly popular among green activists. The most popular hybrid car models produce less carbon emissions than the standard set by the Environmental Protection Agency. The relatively inexpensive price tag and reliability of hybrid car types also benefit consumers as well as the environment.
Another new innovation that has proven its usefulness is the rapid transit system, more commonly called the subway or metro system. Almost every major city in the world now has one, and though this system was first created in the 19th century, recent advancements made to current systems have improved efficiency and simplified usage. For example, the Shanghai metro system has recently increased the number of lines running for the World Expo, adding dozens of miles of track and increasing mobility around the ever-developing city. This allows visitors and residents to easily navigate a metropolis, and commute from home to the office. The metro systems around the world also tend to be electrically run, which also lowers carbon emissions and fuel dependency. Riding the metro has also been simplified with public transportation cards that deduct fares easily with one swipe on a machine.
Though transportation around the globe is still heavily reliant on oil and gas, new innovations increasingly abide by an eco-friendly mantra. Much of the world is very aware of the dirty footprint humans have left on nature, of the heavy damage construction and industry have wrought. Paired with new environmental protection standards and policies, technology and innovation will prove ever more advantageous to humans as well as the earth.解析： 暂无解析 -
第17题：
问答题Practice 7 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Prudence shall be our guiding principle. When faced with a conflict, or a divergent path in the course of life, we shall always make caution our ally. Recklessness and rash action lead not to fruitfulness, but only to regret at the haste of our decisions. Often times, people ask me how I have been so successful in business. “Everything you touch turns to gold,” they say. “What’s your secret?” they wonder. When I reflect on my decisions, I realize that the key to my success is nothing more than simple opportunism. When I saw an opening, I jumped at it. While everyone else was standing still, agonizing over the correct course of action, I went in feet first, with no hesitation. That is the key to my Success. Assignment: Consider the two contrasting statements above. Which best reflects your view on life? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
I have always believed that when opportunity knocks, one should answer the door. There are two main reasons behind this way of thinking: the first, opportunities could pass us by and never occur again; and the second, no matter how hard working one is, a lucky break may lead to the success one has been dreaming of. This is not the same as recklessly jumping into any plan of action that presents itself. Rather, by weighing possible outcomes, positive prospects should be easily detected.
My older sister, Elise, attended Georgetown University in Washington, DC a few years ago. Though she liked the campus, her classes, fellow students, and even the city, Elise rarely ever left the neighborhood of Georgetown to explore DC. Over the semesters and summer holidays, my sister never applied for a single internship with the various powerful institutions and companies in DC, including the congressional offices. Upon graduation, Elise found herself with a small copy editing job at a start-up newspaper in Portland, Oregon. She realized a few months before graduating that her interests were in public service, but possessed absolutely no experience in the field. Elise realized that she had lived in the political and public sector apex in the nation for four years, and never taken advantage of personal contacts in DC or Georgetown to build future connections and job prospects. My sister’s story has been a warning to me, not only to make use of every opportunity I know of, but also to seek out ones that are not obvious.
Another family member’s experience also taught me the importance of chance prospects play in success. My father had tried for years to be hired as a teacher at a local private school. Though he applied multiple times over a decade, hoping to earn the coveted and well-paid position of head of biology, the school always informed him that there were no vacancies. He had all but given up on teaching and decided to pursue a research position when, out of the blue, my dad decided to attend a job fair in a nearby town, and ran into the principal of the private school, who informed him of an opening. Despite the possibility of attaining a biochemistry research position, my father attended two interviews with the school, and after one week, my father was finally hired. His experience reminds me of the importance of persistence, but equally as necessary, the significance of knowing when to rely on lucky opportunities for success.
Ambitious people require more than perseverance, talent, and knowledge to achieve their goals. Opportunity is an underrated, not often talked about factor in success, but almost every successful person will admit that luck has played a positive role at some point in his life.解析： 暂无解析 -
第18题：
问答题Practice 9 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. How valuable is history for our generation? On the surface this question is not as easy as it once might have been, for there is a widespread belief that history may no longer be relevant to modem life. We live, after all, in an age that appears very different from the world that came before us. Adapted from Stephen Vaughn, History: Is It Relevant? Assignment: Is knowledge of the past no longer useful for us today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
According to the famous aphorism, those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it, and this is often cited in discussions about the usefulness of history. The utility of history is commonly seen as its predictive value: knowledge of the past and how particular events unfolded is useful because it enables us to predict the outcome of similar events in the present and avoid making the same mistakes as others. This might be true when the circumstances are broadly similar, but nowadays technology is advancing so rapidly that it is constantly creating totally new circumstances.
In the last 10 years, developments in technology have fundamentally changed the way we live and interact with others, and theorists have highlighted the lack of integration between the past and the present. Lyotard and others have claimed that modernity, which began with the Industrial Revolution, ended in the 1980s and we are experiencing a postmodern condition in which modern concepts like truth and progress have become obsolete. Some other scholars, like Aug,, claim that we are experiencing hypermodernity, a condition characterized by a deepening faith in the power of science and technology.
Whether we choose to describe the current condition as modern, postmodern, or hypermodern, it is undeniable that the present circumstances generate a context that is fundamentally different to anything before. However, this does not mean that knowledge of the past has become useless. History has never been a particularly reliable guide to the future because circumstances are always unique. The real value of knowledge of the past lies not in predicting the future but in understanding the present. The past causes the present, and so it causes the future, and in order to understand why anything has happened we have to look for factors that took shape earlier.
All the problems in the modern world, like the India-Pakistan conflict or the relationship between the Islamic world and the West, have complex historical origins. We cannot understand the context if we do not know the history, and if we do not understand the context then we cannot resolve them. Constant change is the defining feature of the contemporary world, which means it is more important than ever to understand change. Only through studying history can we grasp how things change and only through history can we begin to comprehend the factors that cause change. In these circumstances, knowledge of the past is more important than ever.解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题Practice 10 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. We don’t really learn anything properly until there is a problem, until we make a mistake, until something fails to go as we had hoped. When everything is working well, with no problems or failures, what incentive do we have to try something new? We are only motivated to learn when we experience difficulties. Adapted from Alain de Botton, How Proust Can Change Your Life: Not a Novel Assignment: Does true learning only occur when we experience difficulties? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
On January 15, 2009, Captain Chesley (“Sully”) Sullenberger was piloting a US Airways jet from New York City to Charlotte, North Carolina. A few moments after takeoff, the jet ran into a flock of birds, which knocked out power to both engines. Sully knew he could not make it back to the airport, so he decided to land the plane in the Hudson River. Miraculously, the plane landed intact and stayed afloat long enough to get every single passenger and crew member off safely. Sully is now an internationally known speaker on the subject of airline safety, using the lessons he learned from this most difficult situation to prevent future disasters. As Friedrich Nietzsche so aptly put it, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.”
Indeed, the lessons learned from overcoming difficulties can last a lifetime. In 1886, Helen Keller, who had become deaf and blind after a childhood illness, learned how to communicate with others through the use of sign language (painstakingly learned from her “Teacher, ” Annie Sullivan). This accomplishment affected the rest of Helen’s life: She became the first deaf and blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree from Radcliffe College and went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. Her triumph over her disabilities taught her that any person can change the world, if they truly believe in themselves.
In 1962, the South African apartheid activist, Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to life in prison for his political activities. Did he spend his days bemoaning his fate or complaining how unfair life was? No—he used his time in prison to earn a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of London. Twenty-seven years later, he was released from prison and vowed to use everything he had learned while incarcerated to fight apartheid peacefully and politically. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
There is no doubt that physical pain is an excellent teacher. A child who puts his hand on a hot stove burner will not do so again willingly. (Even the family pet will learn from a similar experience.) But the pain the body feels because of a fall, or a cut, or some kind of illness will eventually wear off. The pain and suffering felt in the mind, however, will last for years, informing all our future actions and teaching us the truly indelible lessons of life.解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
问答题America is a society in which children have watched 21 18 000 television commercials by the time that they have reached 22 . My friend Jodie learned this fact a few weeks ago and decided to do something about it. She thinks that the number of commercials that children see can influence the way in which 23 . That is, Jodie believes that children who watch so many ads will grow up to believe that the most important thing in life is to buy, buy, buy! This, said Jodie, is wrong. A little child cannot understand 24 for what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears. I have been thinking about what Jodie has told me. I suppose that she is right. I know that it is easy to 25 the minds of children because they don’t see things carefully, as 26 . And I am 27 myself at how the advertisers can control a child’s 28 . I think I should join Jodie in her efforts to change advertising 29 when it comes to advertisements for children. I really have a responsibility to make sure that future generations are given every chance to develop their minds without the 30 .正确答案：
21.approximately
22.their middle teens
23.they view the world
24.advertisements
25.manipulate
26.adults do
27.upset
28.outlook on the world
29.tactics
30.interference of mass media
【录音原文】
America is a society in which children have watched approximately18000 television commercials by the time that they have reached their middle teens. My friend Jodie learned this fact a few weeks ago and decided to do something about it. She thinks that the number of commercials that children see can influence the way in which they view the world. That is, Jodie believes that children who watch so many ads will grow up to believe that the most important thing in life is to buy, buy, buy! This, said Jodie, is wrong. A little child cannot understand advertisementsfor what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears.
I have been thinking about what Jodie has told me. I suppose that she is right. I know that it is easy to manipulatethe minds of children because they don’t see things carefully, as adults do. And I am upsetmyself at how the advertisers can control a child’s outlook on the world. I think I should join Jodie in her efforts to change advertising tacticswhen it comes to advertisements for children. I really have a responsibility to make sure that future generations are given every chance to develop their minds without the interference of mass media.解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
问答题Practice 6 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Akira Kurosawa’s film masterpiece Rashomon portrays several people who have witnessed a death. As each observer recounts the event as he or she witnessed it, we come to realize that each person’s story varies greatly from every other account. Watching the movie, we reflect the truth of an experience—and perhaps all truth—is different for each person. Assignment: What is your opinion of the claim that truth is not objective, but rather is determined by each individual? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
The difference between perspective and truth is that perspective originates from an individual. Each person possesses a unique outlook on life, but truth, by definition, must be the same for every individual. The law of gravity cannot be challenged, nor are there any exceptions to it because it applies to everything on Earth. Similarly, our actions cannot, and do not, affect the truth because it exists outside the realm of our control.
Platonic idealism holds that ideals exist outside the realm of the physical. That is the idea of what an object is (its definition) cannot be found in the human word. For example, if we look at the definition of a ball, it may say that a ball is a spherical object of fully rounded shape, with no angles, that contains radii of entirely equal lengths spanning out from a central point. Yet there are many different types of balls, including basketballs, baseballs, cricket balls, and so on. So even though many objects fit this definition of a ball, the “ideal,” or the truth of what a ball is, only exists in words, not in reality. Hence, we must conclude that an objective understanding of “ball” exists, as every person understands it.
Events may be objectively understood as well. Though every person may see differently from his own eyes, due to differences in backgrounds and desires, impartial facts are immutable. For example, the Agatha Christie novel, Murder on the Orient Express, is a classic whodunit mystery that requires one detective to sort through twelve suspects in a murder case to find the true killer of a Mr. Ratchett. Detective Poirot is given the task of catching the true killer by sorting through various, sometimes conflicting, alibis and motives. Though he is given twelve different narratives from his suspects, Poirot eventually brilliantly pieces together the objective events to find the truth on who kills Mr. Ratchett. Therefore, regardless of what subjective stories may exist in the world, an objective truth always exists.
There is a famous saying that says one cannot judge another person until one has walked a mile in that person’s shoes. Human perceptions vary tremendously from person to person, but in order to separate the objective from the subjective, we must step outside the world of opinion, and review facts. What is true cannot be debated; it can only be described by words.解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
问答题Practice 3 If I have called in the cuckoo to illustrate the ordinary man’s ignorance, it is not because I can speak with authority on that bird. It is simply because, passing the spring in a parish that seemed to have been invaded by all the cuckoos of Africa, I realized how exceedingly little I, or anybody else I met, knew about them. But your and my ignorance is not confined to cuckoos. It dabbles in all created things, from the sun and moon down to the names of the flowers. I once heard a clever lady asking whether the new moon always appears on the same day of the week. She added that perhaps it is better not to know, because, if one does not know when or in what part of the sky to expect it, its appearance is always a pleasant surprise. I fancy, however, the new moon always comes as a surprise even to those who are familiar with her time-tables. And it is the same with the coming-in of spring and the waves of the flowers. We are not the less delighted to find an early primrose because we are sufficiently learned in the services of the year to look for it in March or April rather than in October. We know, again, that the blossom precedes and not succeeds the fruit of the apple-tree, but this does not lessen our amazement at the beautiful holiday of a May orchard. At the same time there is, perhaps, a special pleasure in re-learning the names of many of the flowers every spring. It is like re-reading a book that one has almost forgotten. Montaigne tells us that he had so bad a memory that he could always read an old book as though he had never read it before. I have myself a capricious and leaking memory. I can read Hamlet itself and The Pickwick Papers as though they were the work of new authors and had come wet from the press, so much of them fades between one reading and another. There are occasions on which a memory of this kind is an affliction, especially if one has a passion for accuracy. But this is only when life has an object beyond entertainment. In respect of mere luxury, it may be doubted whether there is not as much to be said for a bad memory as for a good one. With a bad memory one can go on reading Plutarch and The Arabian Nights all one’s life. Little shreds and tags, it is probable, will stick even in the worst memory, just as a succession of sheep cannot leap through a gap in a hedge without leaving a few wisps of wool on the thorns. But the sheep themselves escape, and the great authors leap in the same way out of an idle memory and leave little enough behind.正确答案： 参考译文
我用杜鹃来做例子以说明普通人的无知,并不是因为我有什么权威对这种鸟儿发发议论。不过,我曾在某个教区暂住,而那年春天从非洲飞来的杜鹃似乎全集合在那个地方,因此我也就有了机会了解到我自己以及我所碰见的每一个人对这种鸟儿的知识是如何地微不足道。但是,你我的无知并不限于杜鹃这一方面。它涉及到宇宙万物,从太阳、月亮一直到花卉的名字。有一天,我听见一位聪明伶俐的太太提出了这样一个问题:新月是不是总在星期几露面?她接着又说:不知道倒好,正因为人不知道在什么时候、在天空的哪一带能看见它,新月一出现才给人带来一场惊喜。然而我想,哪怕人把月亮盈亏时间表记得再熟,看见新月出现还是不免又惊又喜,春回大地,花开花落,也莫不如此。尽管我们对一年四季草木节令了如指掌,知道樱草开花在三月或四月而不在十月,不过看见一株早开花的樱草,我们还是照样地高兴。另外,我们知道苹果树先开花,后结果,可是五月一旦到来,果园里一片欢闹的花海,我们不是仍然惊为奇观吗?
倘在每年春天,把许多花卉之名重温一遍,还另有一番风味。那就像把一本差不多忘得干干净净的书再重新念一遍。蒙田说过,他的记忆力很坏,所以他随时都能拿起一本旧书,像从未读过的新书一样地念。我自己的记忆力也漏洞百出、不听使唤。我甚至能拿起《哈姆雷特》和《匹克威克外传》,把它们当作是初登文坛的新作家刚刚印成白纸黑字的作品来念,因为自从上回念过以后,这两部书在我脑子里的印象已经模糊了。这样的记忆力,在某些场合自然叫人伤脑筋,尤其当人渴望精确的时候。不过,在这种时候,人不仅想得到娱乐,还追求着什么目的。如果只讲享受的话,记忆力坏比记忆力好究竟差到哪里去,还真是大可怀疑呢。记忆力坏的人可以一辈子不断地念普卢塔克的《英雄传》和《天方夜谭》,而永远感到新鲜。很可能,最坏的记忆力也难免粘粘连连地留下一星半点的印象,恰如一只只绵羊从篱笆洞里接连通过,总不免在那刺条上留下一丝半缕的羊毛。然而,绵羊终归逃出去了,正像伟大的作家从我们不争气的记忆中消失,所留下的东西简直微不足道。解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 3 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Many among us like to blame violence and immorality in the media for a decline immortals in society: Yet these people seem to have lost touch with logic. Any objective examination shows that our society is far less violent or exploitative than virtually any society in the past. Early humans murdered and enslaved each other with astonishing regularity, without the help of gangster rap or Jerry Bruckheimer films. Assignment: Do violence and immorality in the media make our society more dangerous and immoral? Write an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
One of the most misguided notions of conventional wisdom is that depicting violence in the media makes our society more violent. A close examination shows that this claim is baseless. Societies with severe restrictions on violence in the media tend to be more, not less, violent than those with no such restrictions. Indeed, despite the popular myth of a more peaceful past, societies were far more violent before the advent of movies, television, and video games. Societies that restrict access to immoral western movies are the same ones that call their citizens to violent and irrational holy war. As Michael Moore pointed out poignantly in the movie Bowling for Columbine, Americans kill each other with firearms at a far greater rate than al- most any other first-world nation. But he is quick to point out that our media is not more violent than those in Japan or Germany or even Canada, which have rates of violence that are a full order of magnitude lower than ours. Indeed, the killers among us are not likely to spend a lot of time listening to Marilyn Manson or playing Mortal Kombat on their Play- stations, despite what our more nearsighted and sanctimonious politicians and preachers would like us to believe. Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, lived in a one-room shack without electricity or running water, let alone cable. But even if murderers like Kaczynski were video game addicts, attributing their motives to media violence would be missing the point entirely. People who are habitually violent have adopted a war mentality. They tend to see the world in black- and-white, us-against-them terms. Tragically, our leaders tend to have this very same mentality, but they couch it in patriotism. Lobbing cruise missiles and landing marines in another country is not considered a horrible last resort, but a patriotic duty. If we wish to understand why Americans are more violent than the Japanese, violence in the media will hold no answers; Japanese kids watch just as much violence. Foreign policy is far more telling: which country has leaders who engage in violence against other countries at every opportunity, and constantly try to convince us that it’s right? If our pundits and politicians were truly concerned about making a safer world—and there are many reasons to believe they are not, since they profit the most from a fearful citizenry—they would begin by acknowledging that violence is almost a desperate grab for control from a person or people who believe they are being repressed. If we want a more peaceful and noble society, then we will stop coercing other countries with violence and economic oppression. As Franklin Roosevelt said, We have nothing to fear but fear itself. We are the most fearful nation on the planet, and we are paying for it.解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
单选题A technician has had several support requests for one PC. The technician has reseated the PCIcards and replaced the hard drive in the PC located in a school cafeteria kitchen. PCs located in the business office or the classrooms have not had this issue. Which of the following is MOST likely causing this PC’s issue?（）AFaulty RAM
B240 volt Kitchen outlets
CPower Brownouts
DExcessive Heat
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析