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单选题Ellsworth Huntington’s conclusion was based on _____.A variations of his own mental abilities from season to seasonB the result of research done by him and other scientists among peoples in different climatesC detailed records of temperature changes in
题目
variations of his own mental abilities from season to season
the result of research done by him and other scientists among peoples in different climates
detailed records of temperature changes in different places
detailed records of different ways of thinking among peoples in different climates
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第1题：
If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year. A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington (1876-1937), concluded from other men's work and his own among people in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature. Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
1). Huntington based his conclusions on ___________.
A. work with people in different climates
B. records of temperature changes
C. records of change in his own intelligence
D. all of the above
2). Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _________.
A. a great effect on everyone's intelligence
B. no effect on people's intelligence
C. effect on only a few people's intelligence
D. some effect on most people's intelligence
3). One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that ___________.
A. there are some things making all nature different from before
B. it is neither too warm nor too cold
C. it is more natural for the development of mental abilities
D. it lasts longer than the other seasons
4). The two best seasons for thinking seem to be _____________.
A. winter and summer
B. fall and winter
C. spring and fall
D. summer and spring
5). According to the passage above, vacations from thinking should be taken ___________.
A. as seldom as possible
B. during spring and fall
C. several times throughout the year
D. during the summer
正确答案：ADACD
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第2题：
The dog has always been considered man′s best friend.Always noted for being particularly?faithful in watching over children,he also has his place by the fireside,in the cow pasture,on the?sheep range(放牧区),and beside the hunter in forest.He is easy to train,works hard,and often?performs astonishing feats.And in the frozen polar regions he was once the principal motive power,before being lately displaced by the plane and helicopter.
Because he howls or whines in the presence of impending death,the dog was once thought to?have supernatural powers and believed to be capable of seeing gods and ghosts invisible to men.Actually,the.basis for these beliefs lies in the hound′s sensibility to people′s feelings and his superior?hearing ability and sense of smell,which enable him to detect signs hidden from human observation.His record of saving lives is outstanding,for he often gives warning of fire and other dangers not noticed by his master.
The dog′s major contribution,however,has been to medical research.Both his diet and his?structure are comparable to those of the human being,and so he has been the subject Of countless?demonstrations and experiments.Open-heart surgery has been made possible largely because of the?dog.But his sacrifice has repaid his own species as well by safeguarding it from rabies(狂犬病),distemper,and other diseases.
The article does not say whether the scientists′experiments with dogs have__________.A.benefited animals other than dogs
B.served man
C.helped other dogs
D.contributed to medical knowledge答案：A解析：【考情点拨】事实细节题。【应试指导】文章最后指出，科学家们对狗的实验使狗免于犬瘟、狂犬病之类的疾病，而没有提及对其他动物有益。故选A。 -
第3题：
If you are like most people,your intelligence varies from season to season．You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year．A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1947),concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat．This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year．It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking．One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season,then winter．As for summer,it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have__.A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence
B.same effect on most persons'intelligence
C.some effect on a few persons'intelligence
D.no effect on most persons'intelligence答案：B解析：参见第一段最后一句。 -
第4题：
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists （）
- A、are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
- B、feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
- C、still consider lead pollution a problem
- D、lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
正确答案:C -
第5题：
单选题Research shows that people’s physical and mental health _____.Arelies on the social welfare system which support them
Bhas much to do with the amount of support they get from others
Cdepends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
Dis closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。第一段说，有较强的社会关系的人更健康更长寿。第二段说，有了别人的援助可以帮助我们解决问题，同伴关系中的互助性能满足我们的需要，把忧愁和烦恼转换掉了，因此，人们的身心健康与他人的支持和帮助是分不开的。故选B项。 -
第6题：
单选题Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _____.Aa great effect on everyone’s intelligence
Bsome effect on most people’s intelligence
Csome effect on a few people’s intelligence
Dno effect on most people’s intelligence
正确答案： D解析：
推理题。第一段最后一句“... climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities”，其中只要理解definite的意思是“一定的”，就可以找到答案。 -
第7题：
单选题From the passage, we learn that Horta _____.Ais from Brazil
Bconducts his research in the U.S.
Chas 30 researchers on his team
Dis well-known in developing countries
正确答案： C解析：
文章首段第二句提到“The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil”，接着第二段第一句又提到“Bemardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study…，”由此可知研究是在巴西开展的，Horta来自巴西。因此A项正确。 -
第8题：
单选题Stoke’s argument is based on his belief that _____.Alanguage is a product of the brain
Blanguage is a system of meaningful codes
Csign language is derived from natural language
Dsign language is as efficient as any other language
正确答案： A解析：
细节推论题。司托克与旧的传统观点之争是手势语是不是真正语言。传统理论认为语言是以发出声的说话为依据的，不出声算什么语言；司托克认为语言是大脑的产物，不是发出声音的口的产物。文章末句阐明了这一点，即说出声的话语与手势语都是大脑的产物，故都是语言。故答案为A。 -
第9题：
单选题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US （）Awas discouraged
Bwas enforced by law
Cwas prohibited by law
Dwas introduced
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
填空题His fear of failure ____（keep） him from classroom games that other children played.正确答案： kept解析：
句意：对失败的恐惧让他没有参与到其他孩子玩的课堂游戏中。本题考查动词时态和语态。通过that从句中的“played”可判断出时态应为过去时。故划线处填kept。 -
第11题：
单选题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland? （）ABy analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
BBy observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
CBy studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
DBy comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists （）Aare puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
Bfeel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
Cstill consider lead pollution a problem
Dlack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
If you are like most people,your intelligence varies from season to season．You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year．A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1947),concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat．This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year．It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking．One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season,then winter．As for summer,it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
According to the passage,any vacations from thinking should be taken__.A.several times throughout the year
B.during spring and fall
C.during the summer
D.as seldom as possible答案：C解析：参见最后一段。 -
第14题：
If you are like most people,your intelligence varies from season to season．You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year．A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1947),concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat．This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year．It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking．One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season,then winter．As for summer,it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
It seems that the cold winter__.A.increases the ability to think
B.is the best time for thinking
C.is better for thinking than is very warm weather
D.decreases the ability to think答案：C解析：参见第二段第一句。 -
第15题：
If you are like most people,your intelligence varies from season to season．You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year．A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1947),concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat．This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year．It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking．One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season,then winter．As for summer,it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!
One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that__.A.all nature,including man,is growing then
B.it lasts longer than the other seasons
C.it is not too warm and not too cold
D.both B and C答案：A解析：参见第三段。 -
第16题：
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US （）
- A、was discouraged
- B、was enforced by law
- C、was prohibited by law
- D、was introduced
正确答案:B -
第17题：
单选题The central idea of this passage is _____.Aman’s mental abilities change from season to season
Bman’s intelligence varies from place to place
Cman should take long vacation in summer
Dif you want to do creative thinking, go to a cool place
正确答案： A解析：
主旨题。本文的第一句话即是中心思想，见第一题。 -
第18题：
单选题The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _____.Athe way you handle major events may cause stress
Bwhat should be done to avoid stress
Cwhat kind of event would cause stress
Dhow to cope with sudden changes in life
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。第一段第二、三句讲生活中任何重大变化都会产生压力，不管是积极事件还是消极事件。选项C是对这句话的归纳重述。故C项为答案。 -
第19题：
单选题Select one answer choice. Based on information from the passage, which of these people would be MOST likely to develop Huntington’s disease?ASomeone who carries the huntingtin gene
BSomeone whose parents come from Portugal
CSomeone with 25 CAG repetitions in the huntingtin gene
DSomeone of Romanian ancestry
ESomeone whose grandfather died of Huntington’s disease
正确答案： D解析：
几个选项相比，E的答案更加符合文意。 -
第20题：
单选题From the passage, we learn that Horta______.Ais from Brazil
Bconducts his research in the U.S.
Chas 30 researchers on his team
Dis well-known in developing countries
正确答案： A解析： -
第21题：
单选题Ellsworth Huntington’s conclusion was based on _____.Avariations of his own mental abilities from season to season
Bthe result of research done by him and other scientists among peoples in different climates
Cdetailed records of temperature changes in different places
Ddetailed records of different ways of thinking among peoples in different climates
正确答案： B解析：
细节题。“Ellsworth Huntington concluded from other men’s work and his own among peoples in different climates”，从该句可以得知亨廷顿的结论是建立在他人和自己的研究基础之上的。 -
第22题：
单选题What does Mr. Saunders request the company do?AReplace his new water heater
BRemove a late charge from his bill
CRegister him for equalized payments
DGive him a discount on next month’s bill
正确答案： B解析：
信中第4段最后1句要求the late charge from last month’s payment period be erased，即希望把上个月产生的滞纳金从总额中扣除出去，故选B。 -
第23题：
单选题Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that _____.Ait is stated by judges in the court
Bit reflects public like and dislikes
Cit is a result of a lot of controversy
Dit is based on careful thought
正确答案： C解析：
细节题。第三段以法院判决为例，说明法官们所陈述的决非他们的偏爱，不是他们纯粹的喜恶，而是经过深思熟虑的，这与D项“精心考虑的”属同义转述。故D为答案。 -
第24题：
单选题From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help _____.Astart more research programs
Bmake more advanced electric cars
Cdevelop renewable and coal-based energy
Dconduct studies related to climate changes
正确答案： B解析：
信息推断题。由原文第四段第一句“Google. org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year”可知，谷歌公司的第三笔资金用来扶持两个研究气候变化的项目。D项是对这句话的同义转述。A项表述不具体。B项偷换概念，另一个研究气候变化的项目是验收推广电动车使用的工作，而选项中却说制造更多的电动车，意思不一样，可以排除。C项意思不对，不是研发燃烧发电的能源而是研究开发比燃煤能源成本小的多的可再生能源。