单选题What does “brain drain” refer to?A An activity that uses the brain to create a lot of wealth.B Applying for positions in foreign countries.C The movement of professional people to a rich nation.D The training of skilled individuals in developed countri

共用题干
Brain Drain

1.Brain drain is a phenomenon under which"people of a nation move to another nation due to financial benefits and also due to economical reasons,but there are many more reasons behind it". If we think deeply to the topic,we would find that this phenomenon has more disadvantages than advantages.
2.This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will automatically benefit from the skills and talents of immigrated people who were educated and qualified in their home countnes.
3.However,developing countries are deeply affected by this phenomenon since they are deprived from millions of their skilled workers, doctors,hardworking Engineers,and billions of man power. Those elites represent the backbone of their economies and once they travel abroad,their economies will not flourish and promote.In fact,there are many reasons behind brain drain.Firstly,the Government is the first responsible for brain drain. The salaries paid by local companies are much less than multinational foreign companies,which pushes millions of intelligent,hardworking Engineers to leave their native countries to look for a better life and opportunities.Secondly,the status and facilities provided by foreign companies are much higher in quality and quantity.Also,some people find it a matter of pride and dignity to work as an employee in foreign countries.
4.But we have to mention that brain drain does not only affect developing countries but also has some advantages for them.People living abroad help foreigners to know about their cultures and traditions.Also,they give information about various natural beauties and tourist spots in their home countries,which encourages tourists to visit them. This in turn increases tourist income.Brain drain also helps in increasing their foreign exchanges.
5.But at last you would find that brain drain has more disadvantages than advantages on developing or poor countries.So,to stop brain drain,local governments should make people aware of its harmful effects.Also Government should provide opportunities to their elites and should provide them with handsome salary so that they can serve their own mother nation.

This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will benefit from the skills and talents of______.
A:its harmful effects
B:immigrated people
C:the local government
D:their cultures and traditions
E:the hardworking engineers
F: in quality and quantity

共用题干
Brain Drain

1.Brain drain is a phenomenon under which"people of a nation move to another nation due to financial benefits and also due to economical reasons,but there are many more reasons behind it". If we think deeply to the topic,we would find that this phenomenon has more disadvantages than advantages.
2.This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will automatically benefit from the skills and talents of immigrated people who were educated and qualified in their home countnes.
3.However,developing countries are deeply affected by this phenomenon since they are deprived from millions of their skilled workers, doctors,hardworking Engineers,and billions of man power. Those elites represent the backbone of their economies and once they travel abroad,their economies will not flourish and promote.In fact,there are many reasons behind brain drain.Firstly,the Government is the first responsible for brain drain. The salaries paid by local companies are much less than multinational foreign companies,which pushes millions of intelligent,hardworking Engineers to leave their native countries to look for a better life and opportunities.Secondly,the status and facilities provided by foreign companies are much higher in quality and quantity.Also,some people find it a matter of pride and dignity to work as an employee in foreign countries.
4.But we have to mention that brain drain does not only affect developing countries but also has some advantages for them.People living abroad help foreigners to know about their cultures and traditions.Also,they give information about various natural beauties and tourist spots in their home countries,which encourages tourists to visit them. This in turn increases tourist income.Brain drain also helps in increasing their foreign exchanges.
5.But at last you would find that brain drain has more disadvantages than advantages on developing or poor countries.So,to stop brain drain,local governments should make people aware of its harmful effects.Also Government should provide opportunities to their elites and should provide them with handsome salary so that they can serve their own mother nation.

To stop brain drain,local governments should make people aware of______.
A:its harmful effects
B:immigrated people
C:the local government
D:their cultures and traditions
E:the hardworking engineers
F: in quality and quantity

共用题干
第三篇

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection
between exercise and brain development.Judy Cameron,a scientist at Oregon Health and
Science University,studies brain development.According to her research,it seems that
exercise can make blood vessels,including those in the brain,stronger and more fully
developed.Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As
she says:"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart,exercise can literally
cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.Babies who
do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active.With babies,even a{ittle
movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes , a pediatrician（儿科医师）,believes in
the importance of exercise.She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in
elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies.
"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses.They need to establish a
connection between motion and memory.In this way,as they get older,children will begin
to associate physical activity with higher learning,"says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well.Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term
memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.The exercise
does not have to be very difficult,but it does have to increase the heart rate.Also,just like
the motion for infants,exercise for older people should involve some complexity.Learning
some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have
been used for a long time.
For most people,any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood.And your brain can benefit from as
little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

To be beneficial,exercise for older people should
A:be done in a group.
B: be done on a daily basis.
C: involve great difficulty.
D:increase the heart rate.

共用题干
第三篇

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection
between exercise and brain development.Judy Cameron,a scientist at Oregon Health and
Science University,studies brain development.According to her research,it seems that
exercise can make blood vessels,including those in the brain,stronger and more fully
developed.Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As
she says:"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart,exercise can literally
cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.Babies who
do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active.With babies,even a{ittle
movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes , a pediatrician（儿科医师）,believes in
the importance of exercise.She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in
elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies.
"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses.They need to establish a
connection between motion and memory.In this way,as they get older,children will begin
to associate physical activity with higher learning,"says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well.Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term
memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.The exercise
does not have to be very difficult,but it does have to increase the heart rate.Also,just like
the motion for infants,exercise for older people should involve some complexity.Learning
some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have
been used for a long time.
For most people,any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood.And your brain can benefit from as
little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

Research by Dr.Cameron seems to suggest that exercise can
A: generate new blood vessels.
B:change the way a person thinks.
C: promote brain development.
D: divert one's attention.

共用题干
第三篇

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection
between exercise and brain development.Judy Cameron,a scientist at Oregon Health and
Science University,studies brain development.According to her research,it seems that
exercise can make blood vessels,including those in the brain,stronger and more fully
developed.Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As
she says:"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart,exercise can literally
cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.Babies who
do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active.With babies,even a{ittle
movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes , a pediatrician（儿科医师）,believes in
the importance of exercise.She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in
elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies.
"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses.They need to establish a
connection between motion and memory.In this way,as they get older,children will begin
to associate physical activity with higher learning,"says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well.Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term
memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.The exercise
does not have to be very difficult,but it does have to increase the heart rate.Also,just like
the motion for infants,exercise for older people should involve some complexity.Learning
some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have
been used for a long time.
For most people,any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood.And your brain can benefit from as
little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

The title of the passage implies that
A:only smart people do exercise.
B: exercise can be smart or stupid.
C:exercise keeps the brain strong.
D:it is fashionable to do exercise.

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?

共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.

_________61
A:as
B:of
C:to
D:at

共用题干
第二篇

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain

For the first time,researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the biain,using
induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It's not quite as advanced as an instant Kung-fu down-
load,and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception,but it's still an important finding that could lead to new
teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician,and use them as a
benchmark for teaching another person a new activity,according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used
functional magnetic resonance imaging,or fMRI,to study the learning process.They were examining the
adult brain's aptitude for visual perceptual learning,or VPL,in which repetitive training improves a per-
son's performance on a particular task.Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an on-
going debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeed-
back to stimulate the visual cortex.First they showed participants circles at different orientations.Then they
used fMRI to watch the participants'brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to
recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors.The
participants were asked to"somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain"to make a solid green
disc as large as they could.They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc,
but they weren't told anything about what the disc meant.The researchers watched the participants'brain
activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
"Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,"the study
authors write,"or the adtivation in one region relative to that in another region."
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning,the researchers said.
"The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to
a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the fea-
ture or subjects' awareness of what was to be learned,"Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
"It can'incept' a person to acquire new learning, skills,or memory,or possibly to restore skills or
knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease,or aging,without a person's awareness of what
is learned or memorized,"they write.

Which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?
A:They learned how to control MRL machines in the experiment.
B:They were not told what to be learned in the experiment.
C:They were paid to take part in the experiment.
D:They were not cooperative in the experiment.

共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

Which of the following statements is the nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?

共用题干
Brain Drain

1.Brain drain is a phenomenon under which"people of a nation move to another nation due to financial benefits and also due to economical reasons,but there are many more reasons behind it". If we think deeply to the topic,we would find that this phenomenon has more disadvantages than advantages.
2.This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will automatically benefit from the skills and talents of immigrated people who were educated and qualified in their home countnes.
3.However,developing countries are deeply affected by this phenomenon since they are deprived from millions of their skilled workers, doctors,hardworking Engineers,and billions of man power. Those elites represent the backbone of their economies and once they travel abroad,their economies will not flourish and promote.In fact,there are many reasons behind brain drain.Firstly,the Government is the first responsible for brain drain. The salaries paid by local companies are much less than multinational foreign companies,which pushes millions of intelligent,hardworking Engineers to leave their native countries to look for a better life and opportunities.Secondly,the status and facilities provided by foreign companies are much higher in quality and quantity.Also,some people find it a matter of pride and dignity to work as an employee in foreign countries.
4.But we have to mention that brain drain does not only affect developing countries but also has some advantages for them.People living abroad help foreigners to know about their cultures and traditions.Also,they give information about various natural beauties and tourist spots in their home countries,which encourages tourists to visit them. This in turn increases tourist income.Brain drain also helps in increasing their foreign exchanges.
5.But at last you would find that brain drain has more disadvantages than advantages on developing or poor countries.So,to stop brain drain,local governments should make people aware of its harmful effects.Also Government should provide opportunities to their elites and should provide them with handsome salary so that they can serve their own mother nation.

People living abroad help foreigners to know about______.
A:its harmful effects
B:immigrated people
C:the local government
D:their cultures and traditions
E:the hardworking engineers
F: in quality and quantity

As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember___1___we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain___2___,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”___3___seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n）___4___impact on our professional,social,and personal___5___.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.It___6___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental___7___can significantly improve our basic cognitive___8___.Thinking is essentially a___9___of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to___10___in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.___11___,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate___12___mental effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step___13___and developed the first“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental___14___.The Web-based program___15___you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The program keeps___16___of your progress and provides detailed feedback___17___your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to___19___on the strengths you are developing—much like a（n）___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（1）选？

A.where
B.when
C.that
D.why

共用题干
第三篇

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection
between exercise and brain development.Judy Cameron,a scientist at Oregon Health and
Science University,studies brain development.According to her research,it seems that
exercise can make blood vessels,including those in the brain,stronger and more fully
developed.Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As
she says:"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart,exercise can literally
cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.Babies who
do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active.With babies,even a{ittle
movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes , a pediatrician（儿科医师）,believes in
the importance of exercise.She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in
elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies.
"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses.They need to establish a
connection between motion and memory.In this way,as they get older,children will begin
to associate physical activity with higher learning,"says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well.Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term
memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.The exercise
does not have to be very difficult,but it does have to increase the heart rate.Also,just like
the motion for infants,exercise for older people should involve some complexity.Learning
some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have
been used for a long time.
For most people,any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood.And your brain can benefit from as
little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

The expression"beef up"in paragraph 3 means
A:control.
B: strengthen.
C:operate.
D: encourage.

共用题干
第三篇

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection
between exercise and brain development.Judy Cameron,a scientist at Oregon Health and
Science University,studies brain development.According to her research,it seems that
exercise can make blood vessels,including those in the brain,stronger and more fully
developed.Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As
she says:"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart,exercise can literally
cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.Babies who
do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active.With babies,even a{ittle
movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes , a pediatrician（儿科医师）,believes in
the importance of exercise.She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in
elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies.
"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses.They need to establish a
connection between motion and memory.In this way,as they get older,children will begin
to associate physical activity with higher learning,"says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well.Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term
memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.The exercise
does not have to be very difficult,but it does have to increase the heart rate.Also,just like
the motion for infants,exercise for older people should involve some complexity.Learning
some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have
been used for a long time.
For most people,any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood.And your brain can benefit from as
little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

Margaret Barnes thinks that a lack of movement in infancy can
A:lead to learning troubles later.
B:cause physical disabilities later.
C:stimulate the five senses.
D:bring about changes in the brain.

共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.

_________65
A:read
B:write
C:hear
D:change

共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.

_________60
A:physical
B:musical
C:speech
D:brain

共用题干
第二篇

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain

For the first time,researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the biain,using
induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It's not quite as advanced as an instant Kung-fu down-
load,and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception,but it's still an important finding that could lead to new
teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician,and use them as a
benchmark for teaching another person a new activity,according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used
functional magnetic resonance imaging,or fMRI,to study the learning process.They were examining the
adult brain's aptitude for visual perceptual learning,or VPL,in which repetitive training improves a per-
son's performance on a particular task.Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an on-
going debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeed-
back to stimulate the visual cortex.First they showed participants circles at different orientations.Then they
used fMRI to watch the participants'brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to
recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors.The
participants were asked to"somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain"to make a solid green
disc as large as they could.They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc,
but they weren't told anything about what the disc meant.The researchers watched the participants'brain
activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
"Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,"the study
authors write,"or the adtivation in one region relative to that in another region."
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning,the researchers said.
"The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to
a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the fea-
ture or subjects' awareness of what was to be learned,"Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
"It can'incept' a person to acquire new learning, skills,or memory,or possibly to restore skills or
knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease,or aging,without a person's awareness of what
is learned or memorized,"they write.

Who are most likely to benefit from the study?
A:Teenagers.
B:Musicians.
C:Senior people.
D:Athletes.

共用题干
第二篇

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain

For the first time,researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the biain,using
induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It's not quite as advanced as an instant Kung-fu down-
load,and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception,but it's still an important finding that could lead to new
teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician,and use them as a
benchmark for teaching another person a new activity,according to the researchers.
Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used
functional magnetic resonance imaging,or fMRI,to study the learning process.They were examining the
adult brain's aptitude for visual perceptual learning,or VPL,in which repetitive training improves a per-
son's performance on a particular task.Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an on-
going debate in neuroscience.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeed-
back to stimulate the visual cortex.First they showed participants circles at different orientations.Then they
used fMRI to watch the participants'brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to
recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors.The
participants were asked to"somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain"to make a solid green
disc as large as they could.They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc,
but they weren't told anything about what the disc meant.The researchers watched the participants'brain
activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
"Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,"the study
authors write,"or the adtivation in one region relative to that in another region."
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning,the researchers said.
"The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to
a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature,without presenting the fea-
ture or subjects' awareness of what was to be learned,"Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
"It can'incept' a person to acquire new learning, skills,or memory,or possibly to restore skills or
knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease,or aging,without a person's awareness of what
is learned or memorized,"they write.

What have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?
A:Discover a person's learning process in the brain.
B:Make a person know how to do something without learning.
C:Set up different learning patterns for different people.
D:Enable people to learn Kung fu instantly.