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问答题Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to s
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问答题
Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to such an extent that production in the thickly settled area is impossible without damaging the health of the local residents. Smog, once an urban annoyance, is now recognized as a health risk, and the automobile has been pinpointed as the principal culprit. Heavy industries have been blamed for river, soil, air, noise and visual pollutions. DDT and other chemical remedies have been doing more ecological harm than the good that they may have brought along. Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still dumping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans. Oceans used to be and are still being considered to be a reserve of seafood. Today, after the oceans have become the home of all pollutants, this use of the oceans is being reduced at an alarming rate. The worst pollution threat is concentrated in and near large cities. There the people-made pollutants increasingly surpass the ability of air and water to dilute (冲淡；稀释) the contaminants (污染物) to safe levels. The natural ecological cycle depends on plants, which absorb some pollutants and release oxygen to the air. But near large cities, natural vegetation becomes scarce, and introduced trees, ornamental shrubs and gardens are far from adequate in absorbing motor vehicle and industrial air pollutants. Finally, some pollutants, most notably atomic waste, may continue to contaminate air, land, and water for thousands of years. Therefore, ecocrisis—ecocatastrophe or ecocide—has been for some time one of the major concerns of not only the ecoactivists and environmentalists, but of many scientists of other fields and the government authorities of many countries as well. Last but not least, there is the question of whether the people will eventually be able to solve all these problems. The American continent is a wealthy land inhabited by many able and well- educated people. There today, people have originated a life-style which is known to the world as being characteristic of a society of consumption—a life-style based on the prodigal (挥霍浪费的) use of material goods. They are using up many times their share of the earth’s resources at a rate unparalleled in history. And I am sorry to say that this life-style of American has been copied by the people of many developed countries, leading to the greatest problem of the modem world as a whole. So I must ask: Are the Americans apt enough to cooperate with other peoples to prevent over-population, resource exhaustion, the catastrophe of pollution and the wanton waste of wealth — problems which are basic to the solution of many outstanding economic, social and political problems? Only time will tell.
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参考答案和解析
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【参考译文】
污染和生态危机 污染问题也受到了社会的极大关注。生活水平在提高,人口在持续增长,这不仅预示着美国资源面临枯竭,而且污染环境到了极严重的地步:人口密集区的工业生产与当地居民的健康已成为不可调和的矛盾。
烟雾,原先不过是居民的一件烦恼事,现在被公认为危害健康的大敌。汽车已被指控为损害健康的罪魁祸首。重工业因污染河流、土壤、空气、产生噪音和妨碍人们的视觉而备受指责。DDT及其他化学药剂对生态的影响是弊大于利。
几十年前,美国人把未经处理的污水倒入河流,而许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倒入湖泊、江河和海洋。人们一向认为海洋是海产品的宝库。今天,海洋已成为一切污染物的集中地之后,海产品正以惊人速度缩减。
大城市及其周边是污染最严重的地方。在那里,人为污染物的扩散超过了空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。自然界生态循环依赖于植物;植物吸收一些污染物,把氧气释放到空气中。但邻近大城市的地区,天然植被日见稀少,而移植的树木、观赏灌木及花园又远不足以吸收机动车辆和工业带来的空气污染物。最后,有些污染物,尤其是臭名昭彰的原子能废料,可能会继续污染空气、土地和水达几千年之久。因此,生态危机——也称为生态灾难或生态灭绝——一段时期以来不仅是生态活动家和环保主义者关注的主要问题,而且引起了其他领域许多科学家和许多国家的政府当局的重视。
最后,人们最终是否能解决所有这些问题? 美国大陆是一块富饶的土地,居住着许多能干的、受过良好教育的人。今天,在那里人们开创了一种以消费社会为特色而闻名全球的生活方式,即一种挥霍物质财富为基础的生活方式。美国人正以史无前例的速度耗费着超过他们份内不知多少倍的地球资源。我遗憾地说,美国人的这种生活方式,已被许多发达国家的人民所仿效,导致了当前整个世界的最严重的问题。
因此我不得不问:
美国人是否善于与别国人民合作来防止人口过剩、资源枯竭、污染灾难和恣意浪费人类财富的行为? 这一系列问题正是解决许多突出的经济、社会和政治问题的基础。我们将拭目以待。
污染和生态危机 污染问题也受到了社会的极大关注。生活水平在提高,人口在持续增长,这不仅预示着美国资源面临枯竭,而且污染环境到了极严重的地步:人口密集区的工业生产与当地居民的健康已成为不可调和的矛盾。
烟雾,原先不过是居民的一件烦恼事,现在被公认为危害健康的大敌。汽车已被指控为损害健康的罪魁祸首。重工业因污染河流、土壤、空气、产生噪音和妨碍人们的视觉而备受指责。DDT及其他化学药剂对生态的影响是弊大于利。
几十年前,美国人把未经处理的污水倒入河流,而许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倒入湖泊、江河和海洋。人们一向认为海洋是海产品的宝库。今天,海洋已成为一切污染物的集中地之后,海产品正以惊人速度缩减。
大城市及其周边是污染最严重的地方。在那里,人为污染物的扩散超过了空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。自然界生态循环依赖于植物;植物吸收一些污染物,把氧气释放到空气中。但邻近大城市的地区,天然植被日见稀少,而移植的树木、观赏灌木及花园又远不足以吸收机动车辆和工业带来的空气污染物。最后,有些污染物,尤其是臭名昭彰的原子能废料,可能会继续污染空气、土地和水达几千年之久。因此,生态危机——也称为生态灾难或生态灭绝——一段时期以来不仅是生态活动家和环保主义者关注的主要问题,而且引起了其他领域许多科学家和许多国家的政府当局的重视。
最后,人们最终是否能解决所有这些问题? 美国大陆是一块富饶的土地,居住着许多能干的、受过良好教育的人。今天,在那里人们开创了一种以消费社会为特色而闻名全球的生活方式,即一种挥霍物质财富为基础的生活方式。美国人正以史无前例的速度耗费着超过他们份内不知多少倍的地球资源。我遗憾地说,美国人的这种生活方式,已被许多发达国家的人民所仿效,导致了当前整个世界的最严重的问题。
因此我不得不问:
美国人是否善于与别国人民合作来防止人口过剩、资源枯竭、污染灾难和恣意浪费人类财富的行为? 这一系列问题正是解决许多突出的经济、社会和政治问题的基础。我们将拭目以待。
解析：
暂无解析
更多“问答题Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to s”相关问题
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第1题：
完形填空Many of the world’s pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups of people into cities.Satisfying the 21 of the people leads to further polluting by industry.If the rapid increase in human population 22 at the present rate (比率), there may be much greater harm.Some scientists speak of the 23 in number of people as “Population Pollution”.
About 2000 years ago, the world 24 was probably about 250 million.It reached a billion in 1850.By 1930 the population was two billion.It is 25 three and a half billion.It is expected to double by the year 2000.If the population continues to grow at the same 26 , there would be 25 billion people in the world a hundred years from now.
Man has been using the earth’s 27 more and more rapidly over the years.Some of them are almost gone.Now many people believe that man’s greatest 28 is how to control the growth of this population.The materials in the world will not support the human population in time to come if the present rate of increase continues.29 there is over crowding in the cities and hunger in some countries.Can man’s rate of increase continue?
Many people believe that human survival (幸存者) in the future 30 on the answer to the question.
21.A.needs
B.supplies
C.service
D.supports
22.A.stops
B.continues
C.slows down
D.adds to
23.A.increase
B.reduce
C.country
D.improvement
24.A.people
B.situation
C.population
D.land
25.A.now
B.in the past
C.in the future
D.then
26.A.place
B.time
C.rate
D.result
27.A coal
B.oil
C.mines
D.resources
28.A.problem
B.power
C.plan
D.idea
29.A.Already
B.Yet
C.Still
D.Often
30.A.feeds
B.lives
C.keeps
D.depends
参考答案：BACAC DAAD
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第2题：
With pollution becoming an international problem, environment protection has been handled with greater care around the world. (翻译)
参考答案：随着污染成为国际性问题，世界各地都更加关注地处理环境保护。
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第3题：
共用题干
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.According to the passage,pollution of the air and water is caused by__________.
A:thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
B:the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man
C:the increasing amount of oil that has been produced
D:industrial wastes discharged into rivers答案：B解析：由文章第一段可知，人类改变自然环境是为了改善生活。故选D。
文章第二段提出人类使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，为自己带来了便利。第三段说然而人类改变自然环境带来的不只是有利的一面。空气和水的污染已经威协到了植物的 健康生长。由此得知，空气和水的污染是由技术带给人类的环境的变化造成的。
由文章倒数第二段可知，随着石油开发对大海污染的加剧，大量的水藻．鱼类和鸟类被 杀死，由此造成海洋生态平衡的改变。故选C。
该题干问：最可能与环境保护者意见不一致的是？关于环境保护者的意见出现在文章 最后一段，"Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth"，可知环境保护者认为现在应该限制技术的发展速度以保证人类在 地球上生存下去。在四个选项中，A项Industrialists（工业家）与技术发展联系的最紧密，因此 最可能会不同意环境保护者的意见。C项Businessmen（商人）包括的范围很广，并不是所有的 商业活动都与技术发展有关。故选A。
从全文看，这篇文章的目的是：D项号召人们注意保护自然环境。第5部分：补全短文 -
第4题：
共用题干
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.The purpose of the writer is___________.
A:to reduce modern technology
B:to improve man's way of life
C:to warn people not to change the natural environment
D:to call attention to the protection of the natural environment答案：D解析：由文章第一段可知，人类改变自然环境是为了改善生活。故选D。
文章第二段提出人类使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，为自己带来了便利。第三段说然而人类改变自然环境带来的不只是有利的一面。空气和水的污染已经威协到了植物的 健康生长。由此得知，空气和水的污染是由技术带给人类的环境的变化造成的。
由文章倒数第二段可知，随着石油开发对大海污染的加剧，大量的水藻．鱼类和鸟类被 杀死，由此造成海洋生态平衡的改变。故选C。
该题干问：最可能与环境保护者意见不一致的是？关于环境保护者的意见出现在文章 最后一段，"Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth"，可知环境保护者认为现在应该限制技术的发展速度以保证人类在 地球上生存下去。在四个选项中，A项Industrialists（工业家）与技术发展联系的最紧密，因此 最可能会不同意环境保护者的意见。C项Businessmen（商人）包括的范围很广，并不是所有的 商业活动都与技术发展有关。故选A。
从全文看，这篇文章的目的是：D项号召人们注意保护自然环境。第5部分：补全短文 -
第5题：
The problem is（）by pollution.
Acaused
Bbecause
Cdue
Dbecause of
A
略 -
第6题：
问答题Pollution 1)Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world，is upsetting the environment in which he lives. 2) Many scientists maintain that one of man's greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion incase their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. 4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land. 5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. 6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.正确答案：
污染 污染已成为问题,因为在当今人口越来越多,社会越来越工业化的世界上,人类正在污染他们居住的环境。2)许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。3)现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业,因为它们的副作用会破坏环境,破坏各种生命之间的关系。4)人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。5)伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。6)这个问题已经引起人们时生物及其环境的日益关注。解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
问答题Directions： Cars play an important role in modern society. But they are also responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. Write an essay on car and air pollution and base your composition on the outline below: （1）the serious problem of air pollution caused by cars; （2）your suggestions on how to deal with the problem. You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.正确答案：
Cars and Air Pollution Cars are indispensable in modern society. However, too many cars have created a lot of serious problems. Besides traffic congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping a huge amount of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. Last winter, car fumes formed heavy smog over Beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and doing harm to people’s health.
One possible solution to the problem is to develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Beijing some of the buses have begun to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. In Tsinghua University, campus buses are driven by electricity. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars and clean fuels to completely replace the traditional ones.
Another solution is to improve modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the public transportation system is efficient and convenient enough, most people will choose means of public transportation over private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will be reduced greatly.
On the whole, the problem of air pollution caused by cars can only be solved by the co-efforts from the government and the public and with the help of science and technology.解析：
本篇作文同样属于问题解决型，作文第一段首先肯定了汽车在现代生活中占据着不可替代的位置，接着提出汽车过多排放出大量尾气，对环境造成的严重影响；第二、三段提出了可能的解决办法，即开发清洁能源和提高交通系统，减少私家车的数量；最后一段强调汽车所造成的空气污染问题需要政府和公众联合的努力。
【闪光词汇】
indispensable adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的
traffic congestion交通拥堵；信号拥堵
co-effort共同努力 -
第8题：
问答题Research published in May 1998 by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pollution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental priorities for the public. All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and Wales the Environment Agency’s principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents, authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agency’s decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), and most appeals are dealt with by the Scottish Office. In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsible for controlling water pollution. In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treated sewage. The majority of these breaches did not cause any significant environmental damage. However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from ￡ 440 to ￡ 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. In Scotland, there were 2,734 pollution incidents in 1997; SEPA seeks prosecution in all significant cases. In 1997 and 1998, the Government introduced statutory Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for 33 substances in water. The new regulations give legal force for the first time to standards for some of the most dangerous pollutants found in the aquatic environment. In the UK, 96 percent of the population live in properties connected to a sewer, and sewage treatment works serve over 80 percent of the population. In England and Wales, the water industry is committed to an investment programme of some ￡ 11,000 million over ten years for improvements to water quality. Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improvements in water quality. In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country.正确答案： 【参考译文】
根据英国环境交通部于l998年5月公布的研究报告,减少沿海水域与河流的污染,保证供应安全用水,乃是广大公众在环保方面的当务之急。
在英国,向水中倾倒任何东西,都需征得有关管理部门的同意。在英格兰和威尔士,环境署控制水污染的主要方法是监控一切流入地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水,包括污水。环境署存有公开的记录,记载着水质、排放许可、授权单位、监督情况等事项。申请排放许可者如对环境署的决定不满,有权上诉,大多由计划督察团接受处理——督察团是部属的一个执行机构。在苏格兰,是由苏格兰环保署(SEPA)负责监控,上诉大多由驻苏格兰办事处接受处理。在北爱尔兰,水污染由环境与遗产局负责监控。
1997年,在英格兰和威尔士共发生4717起超过许可限度的排污事件,其中有一些是水公司的过错,这些公司排放了未经充分处理的污水。这些违规行为绝大部分都没有对环境造成重大危害。然而,环境署也的确将65起违规事件送上法庭,其中61起环境署胜诉,判处的罚款自440镑至12000镑不等,还有一起判处败诉方两个月徒刑。在苏格兰,1997年共发生污染事件2734起;苏格兰环境保护署对情节严重者均予起诉。
1997和1998年,政府实行法定环境质量标准,涉及水中33种物质。新规定使得关于在水中发现的几种最危险的污染物的标准第一次具有法律效力。
在英国,96%人口的住宅与下水道系统相连,污水处理厂能为80%以上的人口服务。在英格兰和威尔士,水工业承诺在十年间将投资约110亿英镑,以改善水质。逐步提高工业废水处理标准,采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染,预计将会进一步提高水质。在苏格兰,三个给水排污管理局负责给水和排污的事宜,分管全国的北部、东部和西部地区。解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
问答题练习15 (1) Whatever its underlying reason, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. (2) This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out necessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.正确答案：
(1) 不管有什么内在原因,毫无疑问,只要公司、个人和政府更加努力,很多污染就可以得到控制。
(2) 这不仅导致垃圾问题,而且是一个艰巨的过程,不仅要说服我们当中的许多人买一些既不想要也不需要的东西,而且还要劝说我们扔掉买的很多东西。解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题When a sudden increase in steam demand comes to normal, the drum pressure will and water level in the drum will（）.Arise, rise also
Brise, drop
Cdrop, rise
Ddrop, drop also
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to such an extent that production in the thickly settled area is impossible without damaging the health of the local residents. Smog, once an urban annoyance, is now recognized as a health risk, and the automobile has been pinpointed as the principal culprit. Heavy industries have been blamed for river, soil, air, noise and visual pollutions. DDT and other chemical remedies have been doing more ecological harm than the good that they may have brought along. Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still dumping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans. Oceans used to be and are still being considered to be a reserve of seafood. Today, after the oceans have become the home of all pollutants, this use of the oceans is being reduced at an alarming rate. The worst pollution threat is concentrated in and near large cities. There the people-made pollutants increasingly surpass the ability of air and water to dilute (冲淡；稀释) the contaminants (污染物) to safe levels. The natural ecological cycle depends on plants, which absorb some pollutants and release oxygen to the air. But near large cities, natural vegetation becomes scarce, and introduced trees, ornamental shrubs and gardens are far from adequate in absorbing motor vehicle and industrial air pollutants. Finally, some pollutants, most notably atomic waste, may continue to contaminate air, land, and water for thousands of years. Therefore, ecocrisis—ecocatastrophe or ecocide—has been for some time one of the major concerns of not only the ecoactivists and environmentalists, but of many scientists of other fields and the government authorities of many countries as well. Last but not least, there is the question of whether the people will eventually be able to solve all these problems. The American continent is a wealthy land inhabited by many able and well- educated people. There today, people have originated a life-style which is known to the world as being characteristic of a society of consumption—a life-style based on the prodigal (挥霍浪费的) use of material goods. They are using up many times their share of the earth’s resources at a rate unparalleled in history. And I am sorry to say that this life-style of American has been copied by the people of many developed countries, leading to the greatest problem of the modem world as a whole. So I must ask: Are the Americans apt enough to cooperate with other peoples to prevent over-population, resource exhaustion, the catastrophe of pollution and the wanton waste of wealth — problems which are basic to the solution of many outstanding economic, social and political problems? Only time will tell.正确答案： 【参考译文】
污染和生态危机 污染问题也受到了社会的极大关注。生活水平在提高,人口在持续增长,这不仅预示着美国资源面临枯竭,而且污染环境到了极严重的地步:人口密集区的工业生产与当地居民的健康已成为不可调和的矛盾。
烟雾,原先不过是居民的一件烦恼事,现在被公认为危害健康的大敌。汽车已被指控为损害健康的罪魁祸首。重工业因污染河流、土壤、空气、产生噪音和妨碍人们的视觉而备受指责。DDT及其他化学药剂对生态的影响是弊大于利。
几十年前,美国人把未经处理的污水倒入河流,而许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倒入湖泊、江河和海洋。人们一向认为海洋是海产品的宝库。今天,海洋已成为一切污染物的集中地之后,海产品正以惊人速度缩减。
大城市及其周边是污染最严重的地方。在那里,人为污染物的扩散超过了空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。自然界生态循环依赖于植物;植物吸收一些污染物,把氧气释放到空气中。但邻近大城市的地区,天然植被日见稀少,而移植的树木、观赏灌木及花园又远不足以吸收机动车辆和工业带来的空气污染物。最后,有些污染物,尤其是臭名昭彰的原子能废料,可能会继续污染空气、土地和水达几千年之久。因此,生态危机——也称为生态灾难或生态灭绝——一段时期以来不仅是生态活动家和环保主义者关注的主要问题,而且引起了其他领域许多科学家和许多国家的政府当局的重视。
最后,人们最终是否能解决所有这些问题? 美国大陆是一块富饶的土地,居住着许多能干的、受过良好教育的人。今天,在那里人们开创了一种以消费社会为特色而闻名全球的生活方式,即一种挥霍物质财富为基础的生活方式。美国人正以史无前例的速度耗费着超过他们份内不知多少倍的地球资源。我遗憾地说,美国人的这种生活方式,已被许多发达国家的人民所仿效,导致了当前整个世界的最严重的问题。
因此我不得不问:
美国人是否善于与别国人民合作来防止人口过剩、资源枯竭、污染灾难和恣意浪费人类财富的行为? 这一系列问题正是解决许多突出的经济、社会和政治问题的基础。我们将拭目以待。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ______.Athose countries encourage people to have large families
Bpeople can get government support if they have more kids
Cimproved public health standards have reduced death rate greatly
Dthose countries have enough resources to support a large population
正确答案： B解析：
答案从文章第一段的前两句话找得。在第一段第二句话末尾提到了“thanks to improved standards of public health. ”可知，公共健康标准的提高是“不发达国家人口增长快”的原因，所以选C。 -
第13题：
People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Pollution is caused either by man s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil tankers into the sea
Whatever it' s underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of: drinks are increa singly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in term of glass metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
21.The main cause of pollution is
A the release of artificial or natural substances into the envIronment
B.the production of new industrial goods
C.increased amounts of a natural substance
22.Much of the pol lut ion could be controlled if only
A.people would pay more attention to the problem
B.governments would take effective measures
C.all sides concerned would make more efforts
23.Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause
A.air and water pollution
B.both a litter problem and a waster of resources
C.to pay for the service
24.Which of the following cannot help solving the problem of pollution?()
A.Cutting out unnecessary buying
B.Eating.
C.Reduce excess us
25.What does the underlined word "litter" mean in Para.2?()
A.not many
B.serious problem
C.bits of waste things
参考答案：ACBAC
-
第14题：
共用题干
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?
A:Industrialists.
B:Ecologists.
C:Businessmen.
D:Environmentalists.答案：A解析：由文章第一段可知，人类改变自然环境是为了改善生活。故选D。
文章第二段提出人类使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，为自己带来了便利。第三段说然而人类改变自然环境带来的不只是有利的一面。空气和水的污染已经威协到了植物的 健康生长。由此得知，空气和水的污染是由技术带给人类的环境的变化造成的。
由文章倒数第二段可知，随着石油开发对大海污染的加剧，大量的水藻．鱼类和鸟类被 杀死，由此造成海洋生态平衡的改变。故选C。
该题干问：最可能与环境保护者意见不一致的是？关于环境保护者的意见出现在文章 最后一段，"Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth"，可知环境保护者认为现在应该限制技术的发展速度以保证人类在 地球上生存下去。在四个选项中，A项Industrialists（工业家）与技术发展联系的最紧密，因此 最可能会不同意环境保护者的意见。C项Businessmen（商人）包括的范围很广，并不是所有的 商业活动都与技术发展有关。故选A。
从全文看，这篇文章的目的是：D项号召人们注意保护自然环境。第5部分：补全短文 -
第15题：
共用题干
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.Man has changed his physical environment with a view to_________.
A:altering the physical features of the earth
B:modifying the face of the planet
C:improving his surroundings'
D:bettering his way of life答案：D解析：由文章第一段可知，人类改变自然环境是为了改善生活。故选D。
文章第二段提出人类使用技术工具改变了地球的自然面貌，为自己带来了便利。第三段说然而人类改变自然环境带来的不只是有利的一面。空气和水的污染已经威协到了植物的 健康生长。由此得知，空气和水的污染是由技术带给人类的环境的变化造成的。
由文章倒数第二段可知，随着石油开发对大海污染的加剧，大量的水藻．鱼类和鸟类被 杀死，由此造成海洋生态平衡的改变。故选C。
该题干问：最可能与环境保护者意见不一致的是？关于环境保护者的意见出现在文章 最后一段，"Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth"，可知环境保护者认为现在应该限制技术的发展速度以保证人类在 地球上生存下去。在四个选项中，A项Industrialists（工业家）与技术发展联系的最紧密，因此 最可能会不同意环境保护者的意见。C项Businessmen（商人）包括的范围很广，并不是所有的 商业活动都与技术发展有关。故选A。
从全文看，这篇文章的目的是：D项号召人们注意保护自然环境。第5部分：补全短文 -
第16题：
根据下列内容，回答196-200题。
Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasingpopulation will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increas-ing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes.
Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will pro-duce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poi-sonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This willinvolve ever-increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drasticsteps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lessened. The first relates to thetreatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastesprior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the wateror best reduce pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manureis spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants areused in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other process-ing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat andpoultry processing plants,are currently converting former waste production into marketablebyproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.
The purpose of this passage is___________.A.to warn the reader of the dwindling water supply
B.to explain industrial uses of water
C.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
D.to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem答案：C解析：根据文章第一段的第一句“Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex．"可知．将来水污染的问题会变得越来越严峻和复杂。下面具体阐述了可能产生的严重问题，作者在第二段和第三段讲了解决这一问题的两个措施。所以，此文章的目的是让读者熟悉和了解水污染问题，C为正确答案。 -
第17题：
突发环境污染事件（aburupt environment pollution accident）
正确答案:是指在社会生产和人民生活中所使用的化学品，易燃易爆，危险品，放射性物品，在生产运输，储存，使用和处置等环节中，由于操作不当，交通肇事或人为破坏而造成的爆炸，泄露，从而造成环境污染和人民群众健康危害的恶性事故 -
第18题：
问答题Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life, the growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land.正确答案：
污染已成为问题,因为在当今人口越来越多,社会越来越工业化的世界上,人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业,因为它们的副作用会破坏环境,破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题Directions： Cars play an important role in modern society. But they are also responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. Write an essay on car and air pollution and base your composition on the outline below: （1）the serious problem of air pollution caused by cars; （2）your suggestions on how to deal with the problem. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.正确答案：
Cars and Air Pollution Cars are indispensable in modern society. However, too many cars have created a lot of serious problems. Besides traffic congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping a huge amount of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. Last winter, car fumes formed heavy smog over Beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and doing harm to people’s health.
One possible solution to the problem is to develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Beijing some of the buses have begun to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. In Tsinghua University, campus buses are driven by electricity. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars and clean fuels to completely replace the traditional ones.
Another solution is to improve modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the public transportation system is efficient and convenient enough, most people will choose means of public transportation over private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will be reduced greatly.
On the whole, the problem of air pollution caused by cars can only be solved by the co-efforts from the government and the public and with the help of science and technology.解析：
本篇作文同样属于问题解决型，作文第一段首先肯定了汽车在现代生活中占据着不可替代的位置，接着提出汽车过多排放出大量尾气，对环境造成的严重影响；第二、三段提出了可能的解决办法，即开发清洁能源和提高交通系统，减少私家车的数量；最后一段强调汽车所造成的空气污染问题需要政府和公众联合的努力。
【闪光词汇】
indispensable adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的
traffic congestion交通拥堵；信号拥堵
co-effort共同努力 -
第20题：
单选题Which of the following is a disadvantage of living in a cosmopolitan city, according to the passage?AThe pollution.
BThe traffic congestion.
CThe high cost of living.
DThe population decrease.
正确答案： A解析：
事实细节的找寻和判断。题干中的关键词为disadvantage，录音中提到“Of course, living in a city like this as its disadvantages as well”，从而引出住在像新加坡那样的世界性大城市的弊端。在接下来的具体说明中，讲话者提到“the cost of living can be very high”以及the population explosion，可知世界性大城市不仅生活开支大，而且出现了人口膨胀问题。由此可知，选项C为正确答案。 -
第21题：
单选题The problem is（）by pollution.Acaused
Bbecause
Cdue
Dbecause of
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
问答题Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land. This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment. Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before be fully appreciates the damage.正确答案：
污染已成为问题,因为在当今人口越来越多,社会越来越工业化的世界上,人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业,因为它们的副作用会破坏环境,破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为,人类没有尽快地解决这一问题,却只顾谋求私利,以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种损害。解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 8 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster. The report was published by the UK’s Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust fumes (废气) . Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward (顶风的) side of the street where exposure to pollutants (污染物) can be 50 percent less than on the downwind (顺风的) side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10%, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker (双层电车) can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tend to be less toxic (有毒的) than that at street level, coz underground pollution is mostly make up of tiny iron particles (粒子) thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel (柴油机) and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. when you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb (路缘) while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.正确答案：
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近期公布的一则报告带来了关于空气污染的坏消息。报告表明,空气污染对我们健康的危害可能跟暴露于1986年乌克兰核电站的辐射一样。报告由英国皇家环境污染委员会发布。但是生活在城市里的人怎样才能减少暴露于空气污染里呢?事实证明,有很多方法。
避免在繁华的大街上散步。选择小巷和公园。通过离开主要污染源——汽车尾气仅仅几米远就可以大大降低污染程度。也不要走在吸烟者的后面。在街道迎风的一边行走,那里的污染比顺风的地方少50%。
对比于坐在车靠近人行道一侧,坐在驾驶员一侧可以增加10%的接触。坐在双层电车上层,可以减少接触。很难说,坐地铁是比公共汽车好还是坏。相比于大街上,地铁的污染毒性较小,因为地铁的污染主要来源于车轮撞击轨道时产生的铁粒子。而柴油机和汽油烟气产生混合污染物。
当你过马路时,站在路缘的后面等红绿灯。跟车流接近的每一米都很重要。当车流开始移动,尾气只会降低几秒钟。所以屏住呼吸一会儿,即使这听起来很傻。
交通高峰期会有很多突发性污染。污染水平在夜间会下降。季节也有影响。得益于新鲜的季风,春秋季污染程度往往处于最低点。极冷或极热的天气有聚集效果,往往造成污染物累积。解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
问答题Practice 4 The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to such an extent that production in the thickly settled area is impossible without damaging the health of the local residents. Smog, once an urban annoyance, is now recognized as a health risk, and the automobile has been pinpointed as the principal culprit. Heavy industries have been blamed for river, soil, air, noise and visual pollutions. DDT and other chemical remedies have been doing more ecological harm than the good that they may have brought along. Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still dumping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans. Oceans used to be and are still being considered to be a reserve of seafood. Today, after the oceans have become the home of all pollutants, this use of the oceans is being reduced at an alarming rate. The worst pollution threat is concentrated in and near large cities. There the people-made pollutants increasingly surpass the ability of air and water to dilute (冲淡；稀释) the contaminants (污染物) to safe levels. The natural ecological cycle depends on plants, which absorb some pollutants and release oxygen to the air. But near large cities, natural vegetation becomes scarce, and introduced trees, ornamental shrubs and gardens are far from adequate in absorbing motor vehicle and industrial air pollutants. Finally, some pollutants, most notably atomic waste, may continue to contaminate air, land, and water for thousands of years. Therefore, ecocrisis—ecocatastrophe or ecocide—has been for some time one of the major concerns of not only the ecoactivists and environmentalists, but of many scientists of other fields and the government authorities of many countries as well.正确答案：
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污染问题也受到了社会的极大关注。生活水平在提高,人口在持续增长,这不仅预示着美国资源面临枯竭,而且污染环境到了极严重的地步:人口密集区的工业生产与当地居民的健康已成为不可调和的矛盾。
烟雾,原先不过是居民的一件烦恼事,现在被公认为危害健康的大敌。汽车已被指控为损害健康的罪魁祸首。重工业因污染河流、土壤、空气、产生噪音和妨碍人们的视觉而备受指责。DDT及其他化学药剂对生态的影响是弊大于利。
几十年前,美国人把未经处理的污水倒入河流,而许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倒入湖泊、江河和海洋。人们一向认为海洋是海产品的宝库。今天,海洋已成为一切污染物的集中地之后,海产品正以惊人速度缩减。
大城市及其周边是污染最严重的地方。在那里,人为污染物的扩散超过了空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。自然界生态循环依赖于植物;植物吸收一些污染物,把氧气释放到空气中。但邻近大城市的地区,天然植被日见稀少,而移植的树木、观赏灌木及花园又远不足以吸收机动车辆和工业带来的空气污染物。最后,有些污染物,尤其是臭名昭彰的原子能废料,可能会继续污染空气、土地和水达几千年之久。因此,生态危机——也称为生态灾难或生态灭绝——一段时期以来不仅是生态活动家和环保主义者关注的主要问题,而且引起了其他领域许多科学家和许多国家的政府当局的重视。解析： 暂无解析