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29. If you don’t get enough sleep at night, you’ll have _____ energy the next day.A. fewerB. muchC. less D. more
题目
29. If you don’t get enough sleep at night, you’ll have _____ energy the next day.
A. fewerB. muchC. less D. more
相似考题
更多“29. If you don’t get enough sleep at night, you’ll have _____ energy the next day.A. fewerB. muchC. less D. more”相关问题
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第1题：
If you don’t, you could end ____ spending hundreds of dollars more than you should have.参考答案：up
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第2题：
– David, you've been losing your temper over nothing lately.– ( ).
A. I haven’t been getting much sleep either
B. You’d better not push yourself too hard, or you’ll get sick
C. I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have blown up like that
D. You’d better do exercises regularly
正确答案:C
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第3题：
---I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
---Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.
A. could
B. shall
C. must
D. may
正确答案：B
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第4题：
共用题干
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner,a high school student in the United
States,wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science
project. With doctors watching him carefully,Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes.That's
eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep,Gardner started having
trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）.By the third day,
he was having trouble doing things with
his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻
觉）.For example,when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person.He also imagined he was a famous
football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldn't
understand him.He also had trouble remembering things.By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a
counting test.In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting.He couldn't remember what he
was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed,he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes.The second night he slept for
twelve hours,the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours,and by the fourth night,he had returned to
his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly,scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous.
They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious
sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）.And even
though the rats ate more food than usual,they lost weight.Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime,you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping.But why?What is the purpose
of sleep? Surprisingly,scientists don't know for sure.Some scientists think we sleep in order to
replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress.
Whatever the reason,we know that it is important to get enough sleep.During the experiment,Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：由文章第一段第三句可知Randy Gardner是在做不睡觉的实验而不是研究睡眠过多的问题。
由第一段最后一句可知，Gardner有11个夜晚没有睡觉，而不是每晚睡两个小时。
由第二段中“became so slurred that people couldn't understand him”可知他说话不清楚，人们都听不懂他说的话。
由第三段最后一句中的“by the fourth night...”可知，到了第四天，Gardner恢复了正常的睡眠状态。
由第四段可知，老鼠不睡觉会导致脱毛、多食、失重甚至死亡等危险，故此观点错误。
由最后一段第四句可知，科学家也不确定人们为什么要睡觉。
文中并没有提到人们与以前相比睡得少了还是睡得多了的问题。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans___________.
A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:do not know how to relax themselves properly
D:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep答案：B解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.
A:no drive and ambition
B:no electric lighting
C:the best sleep habits
D:a lot to do the next day答案：B解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第7题：
共用题干
I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood.______(46).If you don't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening,you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime.If you didn't nap after dinner,you would not want to stay up so late,and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill.______(47).This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day.You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal,engage in some sort of physical activity一a sport such as bowling,perhaps.______(48).Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier,and you should be able to get a good night's rest without taking a pill.
If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way,I am sure you will feel less tired during the day.______(49).If so,get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy.If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later,get up but do not take a sleeping pill.Read a while or listen to the radio,and make yourself a few hours' sleep that night.You will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill.______ (50).
The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.________（50）
A:The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner
B:Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation
C:At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill
D:The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour
E:Having difficulty sleeping is a common problem shared by many people
F: The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning答案：D解析：本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到“我认为你的血液没有任何问题”，那么接下来就该说明实际是什么问题，而空格的下一句说“如果在晚上睡觉前你不小憩这几个小时，在晚上该睡觉时你应该很快入眠的”。因此 A与上下文联系最紧密。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和时文章细节的把握。空格的下一句是服安眠药后“导致你一天都感到困乏”，因此这里应该是解释出现这个现象的原因，因此F最符合上下文内容。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到“也许应该在晚饭后做些体力活动，比如打保龄球”，而空格后内容是“然后按时或者稍微提前睡觉，你就会不需要安眠药而睡个好觉”，因此B与上下文内容最符合。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。空格后内容是“如果这样的话，你可以起床看电视或在房子周围做些运动，一直到你有睡意”，因此这里的内容应是不服用安眠药后的不适应感。因此C最符合此内容。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。前面说到前一晚由于没有服安眠药没有睡好，因此这里应是“第二天晚上你要准备早睡一个小时”。因此D与此内容最符合。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Sleeping
People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who
sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死
亡率）.
Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who
like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.
Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for
health and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older
than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves
any long-term harm.
"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a
safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said
Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San
Diego.
Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies
are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."
The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best
survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those
who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the
study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept
eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept
for less than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration
（持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large
enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now."The study shows that the longer you sleep each night,the longer you'll live.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析： -
第9题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?
A: In the daytime.
B: At the beginning of sleep.
C: At night.
D: During the deep sleep.答案：B解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.You may find the passage in ______.
A: a science magazine
B: a guide book
C: a sports newspaper
D: a story book答案：A解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第11题：
问答题Teenagers who don't get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night.正确答案：解析： -
第12题：
单选题If you _____ that night, you might have been too late to get your ticket.Adidn't hurry
Bhadn't hurried
Cwouldn't hurry
Dhadn't to hurry
正确答案： B解析： -
第13题：
Don’t you have to first have enough food and clothing before you ____ after your dreams?A.ignore
B.chase
C.renew
D.suppose
答案：B
解析：chase after 意为追逐；原题题意为难道你不需要先有足够的食物和衣服，然后才去追逐你的梦想吗；ignore为忽视；renew为更新，suppose为推断均不符合句意，故选B
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第14题：
【A1】
A.SEARCH, DON"T FIL
E.
B.MAKE AN APPOINTMENT RIGHT AFTER WOR
K.
C.FIGURE OUT YOUR CORE WORK ACTIVITIES.
D.AVOID INSTANT MESSAGING AND TURN OFF PHONES.
E.SAY NO. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAD AN EXTRA HOUR A DAY? THIS IS A COMMON BARRIER I RUN INTO WHEN I WRITE ABOUT MAKING POSITIVE LIFE CHANGES:PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO PURSUE THEIR DREAMS.PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO EXERCIS
E.PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO GET ORGANIZE
D.WELL, IT"S TIME TO MAKE TIM
E.BY USING SOME COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING, YOU CAN FREE UP AN HOUR OR MORE A DAY.FIND THE ONES THAT WORK FOR YOU (NOT ALL WILL WORK FOR EVERYONE), AND THEN CARVE OUT THAT HOUR A DAY.THEN MAKE SURE YOU USE THAT EXTRA HOUR A DAY IN THE BEST WAY POSSIBLE—BOOK THAT HOUR ON YOUR CALENDAR FOR SOMETHING YOU REALLY, REALLY WANT TO DO, WHETHER THAT"S WORK ON A GOAL, WRITE A BOOK, START A BUSINESS, EXERCISE, READ MORE, OR WHATEVER.DON"T SQUANDER THIS GIFT OF TIME! 【A1】______ WHETHER IT"S EXERCISE OR WORKING ON SOME OTHER GOAL, MAKE AN APPOINTMENT TO DO IT RIGHT WHEN YOU GET OUT OF WORK (AT 5 P.
M., FOR EXAMPLE).THIS WORKS ESPECIALLY WELL IF YOU HAVE TO MEET SOMEONE ELSE, SUCH AS A WORKOUT PARTNER OR OTHER GROUP OR TEAM OR COACH OR PARTNER, YOU"LL BE SURE TO MEET THE APPOINTMENT, WHICH MEANS YOU WON"T STICK AROUND WORK TOO LONG, AND YOU"LL BE SURE TO FINISH ALL YOUR TASKS ON TIME SO YOU CAN LEAVE ON TIM
E.THIS MAKES YOU MORE EFFICIENT IN THE AFTERNOON ESPECIALLY. 【A2】______ I"M NOT SAYING THESE TYPES OF INSTANT COMMUNICATION DON"T HAVE THEIR USES, BUT IF THEY"RE ALWAYS ON AND YOU"RE ALWAYS AVAILABLE, YOU"RE ALWAYS AT THE MERCY OF OTHERS. IN-STEAD, JUST MAKE YOURSELF AVAILABLE AT SET TIMES IF NECESSARY, OR NOT AT ALL IF IT"S NOT NECESSARY.YOU DON"T HAVE TO TURN OFF PHONES ALL DAY LONG, BUT YOU SHOULD HAVE SOME UNBROKEN BLOCKS OF TIME WHEN YOU DON"T TAKE CALLS, SO YOU CAN CONCENTRATE ON YOUR IMPORTANT TASKS.THIS ALLOWS YOU TO GET MORE DONE IN LESS TIME, AS PHONE CALLS CAN EAT UP CHUNKS OF YOUR DAY IF YOU LET THE
M. 【A3】______ I USED TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME FILING ALL MY COMPUTER FILES AND ALL MY EMAILS INTO NICE, ORGANIZED FOLDERS.I"D SPEND TIME EVERY DAY DOING THIS.NOW, I JUST ARCHIVE EVERYTHING, ON COMPUTER AND EMAIL, AND SEARCH WHEN I NEED SOMETHIN
G.WITH QUICKSILVER ON THE MAC, EVERY FILE IS WITHIN A FEW KEYSTROKES.WITH GMAIL, EVERY EMAIL IS ACCESSIBLE INSTANTLY.NO TIME SPENT FILING! 【A4】______ WHAT IS IT THAT YOU REALLY HAVE TO DO EACH DAY? I MEAN, THE STUFF YOU HAVE TO DO OR YOUR JOB WOULD FALL APART IF YOU REALLY THINK ABOUT IT, A LOT OF THE TASKS YOU DO EACH DAY (AND PHONE CALLS AND EMAILS, MENTIONED ABOVE, ARE INCLUDED IN THESE TASKS) DON"T REALLY NEED TO BE DONE EACH DAY.SOMETIMES YOU CAN DO THEM LESS OFTEN, SOMETIMES YOU DON"T NEED TO DO THEM AT ALL.IF YOU CAN LEARN TO FOCUS ON YOUR CORE ACTIVITIES, YOU CAN GET YOUR WORK DONE IN LESS TIM
E. 【A5】______ ONE OF THE BIGGEST GROUPS OF TIME EATERS IS REQUESTS FROM OTHER PEOPL
E.ALL DAY LONG WE GET REQUESTS, IN PERSON, ON THE PHONE, IN EMAIL, THROUGH PAPERWOR
K.MEETINGS, ASSIGNMENTS, REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION, REQUESTS TO BE ON A COMMITTEE OR TEA
M...THESE ARE ALL REQUESTS THAT WILL EAT UP YOUR TIM
E.SAY NO TO ALL BUT THE ESSENTIALS.GET TO THE POINT. WHILE I"M A FAN OF LONG, SLOW CONVERSATIONS, IF YOU"RE TRYING TO MAKE TIME FOR GOALS, YOU NEED TO WHITTLE DOWN NEEDLESSLY LONG CONVERSATIONS—ESPECIALLY IF IT"S JUST WITH A COWORKER WHO ISN"T A CLOSE FRIEN
D.IN PERSON OR ON THE PHONE, YOU NEED TO GET STRAIGHT TO THE POINT WITH A MINIMUM OF CHIT-CHAT, AND IF THE OTHER PERSON ISN"T GETTING TO THE POINT, POLITELY ASK WHAT HE NEEDS FROM YOU.
正确答案：B
本段开头说，不管是锻炼还是要实现其他的目标，你把它预约在你刚下班之后。然后又说，因为有了这种预约，下午的工作就会更有效率，以使自己准时下班赴约。因此，此段的小标题应为B：为下班后安排一个预约。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening答案：C解析：文章第二段第一句说人们睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明；第三句说良好的睡眠习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，无法在地里干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合文意。
在文章第二段倒数第二句David博士直接指出：人们在睡眠问题上自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人经常忽略睡眠不足产生的后果，故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认为睡眠是最不重要的事情。A项“工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠”符合文意。
本题考了一个熟悉的词、subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听到过的文章。所以，这里subjects指人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
由文章第二段最后一句“…when they really need 7.5 , 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.和最后一段的研究结果“We've found that if you 're in sleep deficit , performance suffer…”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，故选D。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans_________.
A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:don't know how to relax themselves properly
D:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep答案：B解析：文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner,a high school student in the United
States,wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science
project. With doctors watching him carefully,Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes.That's
eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep,Gardner started having
trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）.By the third day,
he was having trouble doing things with
his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻
觉）.For example,when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person.He also imagined he was a famous
football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldn't
understand him.He also had trouble remembering things.By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a
counting test.In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting.He couldn't remember what he
was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed,he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes.The second night he slept for
twelve hours,the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours,and by the fourth night,he had returned to
his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly,scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous.
They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious
sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）.And even
though the rats ate more food than usual,they lost weight.Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime,you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping.But why?What is the purpose
of sleep? Surprisingly,scientists don't know for sure.Some scientists think we sleep in order to
replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress.
Whatever the reason,we know that it is important to get enough sleep.People sleep less than they used to.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：由文章第一段第三句可知Randy Gardner是在做不睡觉的实验而不是研究睡眠过多的问题。
由第一段最后一句可知，Gardner有11个夜晚没有睡觉，而不是每晚睡两个小时。
由第二段中“became so slurred that people couldn't understand him”可知他说话不清楚，人们都听不懂他说的话。
由第三段最后一句中的“by the fourth night...”可知，到了第四天，Gardner恢复了正常的睡眠状态。
由第四段可知，老鼠不睡觉会导致脱毛、多食、失重甚至死亡等危险，故此观点错误。
由最后一段第四句可知，科学家也不确定人们为什么要睡觉。
文中并没有提到人们与以前相比睡得少了还是睡得多了的问题。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第18题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that__________.
A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy
B:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life
C:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the day
D:enough sleep promotes people's drive and ambition答案：A解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。 -
第19题：
It's no secret that most of us don't get enough sleep and suffer for it.If you're between the ages of 16 and 64,1 don't get seven to nine hours ofsleep per night,your logical 2,executive function,attention,and mood can be impaired.3,severe sleep deprivation can lead to depression,anxiety,and 4 ofparanoia（妄想症）.In the long run,sleep deprivation is a main 5 to the nsk ofdementia and Alzheimer's disease.6,one group that doesn't need to heed these warnings i.s executives.In our 7 of 35,000 leaders and interviews with 250 more,we found that the more seruor a person's 8 is,the more sleep they get.There are tw0 9 explanations for this.Either senior executives,with the help of_10 and hard-working middle managers,do less and take more time for sleep.Or senior executives have had the 11 and discipline throughout their career to get enough sleep and 12 maintain a high performance level without 13.Our conclusion is that the latter is the 14."Sleep has always been foundational for my performance,"Cees't Hart,president and CEO of Carlsberg Group,shared with us."And 15 to perform in a way that is required by my current job,I need seven hours of sleep,every night.Of course,with 16 travel and work commitments,sometimes this is 17,and when that happens,it comes with a cost.When I sleep less,I perform less."18,our data found that 68%ofnon-executive leaders get five to seven hours of sleep per night.When there are not enough hours in the day,they 19 some from the night.Many leaders stay up late to catch up on email or other tasks.According to our research,this tendency is widespread,20 gender.11选？A.knowledge
B.intrigue
C.wisdom
D.talent答案：C解析：名词辨析题。根据句意，或者，高管们在整个职业生涯中都有足够的和自律，来获得充足的睡眠。该句是说高管们有足够的智慧可以平衡工作与睡眠，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项knowledge“知识”，侧重于通过学习而获得的技能和知识，有足够的技能和知识也不一定就能保证很好的工作效率及睡眠；B项intrigue“阴谋，诡计”与原文不符；D项talent“天资，天赋”，侧重于先天的一种能力，不符合原文语境。故均排除。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning,he should_______.
A: change his energy cycle
B: overcome his laziness
C:get up earlier than usual
D:go to bed earlier答案：C解析：根据第一段可以看出，早晨起不来与个人每天的能量周期有关。根据文章第二段中约翰自言自语以及紧接着的解释“Get up , John ! You'll be late for work again ! ” The explanation… temperature-and-energy peak in the evening．可推断出答案。
答案的线索在第二段最后一句话“Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.”也就是说，如果丈夫和妻子能明白不同的能量周期是怎么回事，家里每个人有什么样的能量周期，很多家庭争吵就不会发生。所以正确答案是A。
“如果一个人想在早上能量低潮时更有效地工作，那么他该怎么办？”根据这两句话“If your energy is low in the morning but you have…but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.”可以断定正确答案应该是C。
“建议你早上起床时打个呵欠，伸伸懒腰，因为它们会＿______”首先应理解文章最后一段的第一句话“get off to a slow start which saves your energy”，还要理解该句后面的三句话，它们是保存能量的具体方法。“Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch”当然是为了保存能量。所以正确答案是A。
选项B说Dr. Kleitman解释了为什么人们在一天里的不同时刻会有不同的能量高峰。而文章第二段指出没有人发现为什么会有不同的能量周期“For some people the peak comes during morning…No one has discovered why this is so.”两者不符，所以正确答案是B。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends.She probably goes to sleep______.
A: on curled up
B: on her stomach
C: on her back
D: on her side答案：B解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第22题：
共用题干
Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.What does the passage tell us?
A: Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.
B:Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.
C: Sleeping positions show people's secret personalities.
D: Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.答案：C解析：整篇文章介绍的是人物的性格特征，外在的和内在的，说明和科学有关。
跟据文章第一段中“The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.”可知应该是开始睡的时候。
由文章第三段中的“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.”可知。
从文章第四段中“You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,”可知，保护自己不受到伤害，那么defensive意为“有戒心的”。
由文章中的第二段到第五段可知。 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 10 Like most creatures on earth, humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet. At least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way. Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night, there are “short-sleepers,” who need far less, and morning people, who, research shows, often come from families of other morning people. Then there’s the rest of us, who rely on alarm clocks. For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn, there is hope. Sleep experts say that with a little discipline (well, actually, a lot of discipline), most people can reset their circadian clocks. But it’s not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier (you can’t make a wide-awake brain sleep). It requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone. And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And then not resetting it again. To start, move up your wake-up time by 20 minutes a day. If you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7：40 on Monday. The next day, set it for 7：20 and so on. Then, after you wake up, don’t linger in bed. Hit yourself with light. In theory, you’ll gradually get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night, and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime. But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give. For some, it’s almost impossible. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing. Night-shift workers also struggle because they don’t get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock.正确答案：
【参考译文】
和地球上大多数生物一样,人类也有生物钟。这个内置计时器大概以24小时为周期,负责调节我们的睡眠模式,使之与地球的节律同步。至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。普通成年人每晚需要8小时睡眠,但也有“短睡眠者”,他们只需要睡很短的时间。还有自然就会早起的人。研究显示,这样的人,其父母先人往往也能自然早起。除此之外,其他的人要早起就得靠闹钟了。
想要早起迎接黎明,还是有希望的。睡眠专家指出,经过一点训练(嗯,实际上需要很多训练),大多数人能调整自己的生物钟。但这不止是强迫自己早点上床那么简单(大脑很兴奋的时候,也睡不着)。这种训练需要人为制造时差感,但不必为此穿越时区。坚持训练,直到体内的生物钟调整到位,然后保持新的节律。
首先,每天把起床时间提前20分钟。如果一般在早上8点起床,而你希望提前到6点,星期一就把闹钟定在7点40,星期二定在7点20,依此类推。其次,每天醒来后,不赖床,要让自己暴露在光线下。从理论上讲,每天晚上你会比前一天提前20分钟感到睡意。为了增强效果,临睡前应该避免电脑、电视等发出的亮光。
但调整生物钟要下定决心,很多人觉得困难,有些人则根本做不到。起得很早的人和长期熬夜的人都很难改变作息规律。夜班工人改变起来也很吃力,因为他们接收不到调整生物钟所需的环境信号和社会信号。解析： 暂无解析