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DNext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold d
题目
D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
51. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
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更多“D Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re ”相关问题
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第1题：
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，回答51－55题。 Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A． Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
第16题：According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by（ ）
A． the visitors to his office
B． the psychology lessons he has
C． his physical feeling of coldness
D． the things he has bought online
正确答案：C
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第2题：
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.
1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME
Face it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Nobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.
One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”
According to paragraph 2, which of the following the “chunk of time” the author is talking about?A.When you are most focused
B.When there is no distractions
C.Late at night
D.Bright and early in the morning答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】paragraph 2；chunk of time
【主题句】第2自然段Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. 无论是在什么时间，确定这段你最高产的时间，在日程中保留这一重要时间段，就像标注其它重要会议一样。
【解析】题干意为“根据第2自然段，作者所说的‘大块的时间’是指哪一个？” 选项A意为“当你最专注的时候”；选项B意为“没有讨论的时候”；选项C意为“晚上”；选项D意为“一大早”。根据主题句可知，大块的时间指的是一天中你注意力最集中、最有效率的时间，故选项A正确。 -
第3题：
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.
1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME
Face it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Nobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.
One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”
What may the author discuss later?A.The author may talk about the administration system.
B.The author may teach the readers to make a timetable.
C.The author may put forward another suggestion.
D.The author may discuss the office environments.答案：C解析：本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】discuss later
【主题句】1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME寻找最为高效的时间。
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS 创造物理阻碍
【解析】题干意为“作者之后也许会讨论什么？” 通览全文可知，文章讲的是如何管理好自己的时间，并给出了两个建议，因此接下来作者也会再提出一个建议，故选项C正确。 -
第4题：
根据以下材料，回答
There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.
Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.
There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.
Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.
What do we know from Stark′s words?A.The coffee cup in the office must be putin the microwave to clean.
B.It's easy to get infected if you oftenuse the same unwashed cup.
C.The coffee cup shouldn't be shared inthe office.
D.It' s good way to grow bacteria in anunwashed cup.答案：C解析：细节题。根据文章第三段中的“One，it only applies if you’re not sharing thecup with anybody else．”以及第四段中的“But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup．”可知．咖啡杯不能和别人共用，故C项正确。要在使用前，把海绵放在微波炉里，而不是咖啡杯，故A项错误。根据第四段中的“Even if you drink from it while sick，it'spretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup”可知，B项错误。 -
第5题：
_____ our representative calls on you next week, he will make you an offer ____ we feel sure will meet with your approval.
- A、When, which
- B、Who, which
- C、When, with that
- D、Who, with that
正确答案:A -
第6题：
If you back up a database without connecting to the recovery catalog， which operations will cause the recovery catalog to be updated？（）
- A、 The next time you back up the database when you are also connected to the recovery catalog and the target database
- B、 The next time you are connected to the target database and the recovery catalog database and issue the resync command
- C、 The next time you connect RMAN to just the recovery catalog
- D、 The next time you connect to the recovery catalog and the target database with RMAN
- E、 Connecting to the recovery catalog and issuing the resync all databases command
正确答案:A,B -
第7题：
单选题ou are developing a fiscal report for a customer. Your customer has a main office in the United States and a satellite office in Mexico. You need to ensure that when users in the satellite office generate the report， the current date is displayed in Mexican Spanish format.Which code segment should you use？（）AA
BB
CC
DD
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
单选题Salesgirl: ______. Customer: No. I’d like a long-sleeved shirt in yellow, medium. Salesgirl: I think we’re out of your size. Customer: Well, can you get me one? Salesgirl: I think so. Check back next week.ACan you help me?
BIs somebody taking care of you?
CWhat are you looking for?
DCan I help you?
正确答案： B解析：
下文顾客回答No，显然此处应该是一个一般疑问句，C项排除。A项和D项的回答都不应该是No，只有B项合适，售货员问 “有人接待你么”？顾客回答”没有”。 -
第9题：
问答题Directions: Your friend Xiao Ming saw you off on your trip to another city. Write a letter to him. In the letter, you should （1） express your thanks; （2） tell him you had a pleasant trip; （3）tell him your next plan there. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.正确答案： Dear Xiao Ming,解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题_____ our representative calls on you next week, he will make you an offer ____ we feel sure will meet with your approval.AWhen, which
BWho, which
CWhen, with that
DWho, with that
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 2 ● A customer wrote a letter of complaint because he was overcharged when he checked out of your hotel. You have to ease his anger and disappointment in hopes of keeping him at your hotel again during his next visit. ● Write a letter to Mr. Sholes: ● Apologising for the mistake made by your side; ● Telling him how this happened; ● Offering compensations to the client. ● Write about 60—80 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Sholes,
We’re writing concerning your letter of 21st June. I feel deeply sorry for the serious mistake happened. To our utter surprise, there was something deadly wrong with our calculation results. Our accountant was such careless that he let something like this occur.
We’ll send you a cheque of $500 within today. As a compensation for your trouble, we would like to provide you with a special discount of 40% for your next stay, I must apologise to you again for our terrible mistake.
Faithfully Yours,
Jim Smith解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 2 ● You are the General Manager of the Northern Shanghai Import and Export Company. You have arranged to visit a branch office in Luen Wu next week. However, an important client from Hong Kong has just written to tell you that he will be visiting Shanghai next week and would like to meet you for discussions. He says that this is the only time he will be visiting Shanghai during the year, and you know that it is very important for you to see him. ● Write a fax to the manager of the branch office in Luen Wu. ● Tell him or her about the client’s visit. ● Explain why it is important for you to see the Hong Kong client. ● Re-arrange the date of your visit to Luen Wu. ●Write 60-80 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Fax to Jack, manager of the branch office in Luen Wu
Dear Jack,
I’ve just received a letter from an important client form Hong Kong, and the letter says he will visit Shanghai next week. We need to meet to discuss some business, and since he cannot re-arrange his visit, I am wondering if we delay my visit to your office until the week concerning 5 October?
Tom Smith解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.
1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME
Face it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Nobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.
One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”
What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A.You have to be readily available in the office.
B.People cannot work in a vacuum.
C.People in the office love helping others.
D.Sometimes we have to decline colleagues’ requests.答案：D解析：本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】inferred；paragraph 3
【主题句】第3自然段 But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.但是如果你需要完成一些意义重大的工作，就需要一些屏蔽干扰的时间。
【解析】题干意为“从第3自然段可以推断出什么？” 选项A意为“你必须在办公室随时待命”；选项B意为“人们不能在真空中工作”；选项C意为“办公室的人喜欢帮助别人”；选项D意为“有时候我们不得不拒绝同事的要求”；根据主题句可知，虽然在别人需要帮助的时候，我们希望提供帮助。但是，有时我们在做有意义的工作的时候，不得不婉拒同事的请求。故选项D正确。 -
第14题：
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.
1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIME
Face it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.
2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Nobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.
One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”
What is the article mainly about?A.How to manage your time well
B.How to overcome different challenges in the office
C.How to win competitions and get promotions
D.How to prevent distractions and focus on big issues答案：D解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】article mainly about
【主题句】第1自然段 But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done.但是我同样明白，如果不制定策略为更大抱负和真正崇高目标腾出时间，它们永远也不会自动完成。
【解析】本题的问题是“文章主要讲什么？”根据主题句可知，文章主要是谈尽管事务众多，要学会为真正的“大事”（重要事务）挤出时间。所以D选项“如何抗干扰，集中精力在重要事务上”正确。 -
第15题：
根据以下材料，回答
There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.
Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.
There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.
Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.
What does the underlined part"your lazy ways" refer to?A.Leaving your coffee cup unwashed.
B.Sticking the sponge in the microwave
C.Using Paper cups only in the office
D.Cleaning your coffee cup with sponge.答案：A解析：指代题。文章通篇都在讲为什么可以不刷咖啡杯。所以“your lazy ways”指不刷自己的咖啡杯。 -
第16题：
Oh, You're back at work? How was your holiday? （）
- A、We had rain every day and stayed at the hotel most of the time.
- B、The ten-day holiday was not long enough.
- C、I was missing you when I was on holiday.
- D、I heard you were on holiday, too.
正确答案:A -
第17题：
Which of the following procedures should be performed to minimize possible problems for a customer when updating software?（）
- A、Apply the updates without committing.
- B、Commit the new updates to be certain there is no change after the next reboot.
- C、Update one fileset at a time and test to ensure that it works before updating the next fileset.
- D、No action is necessary since the software can always be uninstalled and re-installed.
正确答案:A -
第18题：
You executed the following query in your database： FROM V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG; What would you determine from the output？（）
- A、the time when the last flashback operation in your database was performed
- B、the time when the first flashback operation in your database was performed
- C、a list of flashback operations performed in your database using SCN and time
- D、the approximate time and the lowest system change number （SCN） to which you can flash back your database
正确答案:D -
第19题：
单选题The business talk _____ next week when the CEO of your company comes.Awas held
Bis being held
Cwill be held
Dhas been held
正确答案： D解析：
句意：此次商业会谈将在下周贵公司的首席执行官抵达后举行。此处考查的是一般将来时的用法。句中有明显的时间状语next week，因此需使用一般将来时，且主语business talk与谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，因此需使用一般将来时的被动语态。故C项为正确答案。 -
第20题：
问答题Practice 1 Suppose your friend David Johnson in Washington has just got a Ph.D. in law. Write a letter of congratulation to him. Also tell him you will attend a meeting in Washington next month. Ask him whether he has any time to show you around the city. You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter...Use “Wang Lin” instead. You don’t need to write the address.正确答案： 【范文】
Dear David,
Congratulations on getting a Ph.D. in law. I know you’ve worked so hard in the past three years to get the degree, but where there is a will there is a way; you finally got what you want. I really feel happy for you. I believe your parents must be very proud of you, me too.
Do you still remember our talk before you started working on your Ph.D? You said you would be a great lawyer one day, and now you’re approaching the success. Keep working and your drearn will come true in the future. I believe it won’t take too long。
By the way, I am going to Washington for a meeting next month. Can you show me around the city then?
Congratulations again and please give my regards to your parents!
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lin解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
问答题Practice 5 ● You are a manager in a company which manufactures office furniture. Next month you are going to New York to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ● Saying when you want to leave and return; ● Telling her which hotel to book. ● Write 30-40words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Tuesday, 4 June
Linda,
A quick note to let you know that I’m going to New York next month. Could you please reserve a flight on 3 July and the return on 7 July?
Please book a room at the Hilton Hotel for me.
David解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
问答题Practice 2 ● You are a manager in a company which manufactures office furniture. Next month you are going to London to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ● saying when you want to leave and return ● asking him to book flights ● telling him which hotel to book. ● Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Fri 7th of May
Dave,
A quick note to inform you that I’m going to London next month. Could you please reserve a flight to London 12/6 and the return 15/6? Please book a room at the Stage Hotel for me.
Maria解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 5 ● You are a department manager at a large IT company. Next week you are going to Beijing to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ●Saying when you want to leave and return; ●Asking him to book flights; ●Telling him in which hotel to book a room. ● Write 40-50 words on your separate sheet.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Peter,
Just a quick note to tell you that I’m leaving for Beijing next month. Could you please do me the favor of booking a flight to Beijing on November 12th and the return one on November 15th? Plus, please reserve a room for me at the Holiday Inn on Dushun Road in Beijing. Thanks.
Mark解析： 暂无解析