In ILO Convention，Hours Of Work means ______．A.any time on board the shipB.short breaksC.time outside hours of workD.time during which seafarers are required to do work on account of the ship

Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000（7.9percent）from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
Many people work parttime because they_____

A.prefer parttime jobs to fulltime jobs
B.feel that is enough to make ends meet
C.cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs
D.haven't seen the weakness of the market

资料：It’s almost considered sacrilegious today to leave work at the end of your workday or（for shame！）on a Friday and simply not check your work email again until you return the office during normal working hours。
The constant need to check email is the trade-off the modern workforce has made for the ability to work anytime，anywhere，hanks to smartphones and tablets that keep us always connected。
But three university researchers have found that it’s not just doing a bit of work after hours that cause burnout。The true culprit is actually the constant worrying about off-hour email。
A new study。“Exhausted But Unable to Disconnect，”by Lehigh University’s Liuba Belkin，Virginia Tech’s William Becker and Colorado State University's Samantha Conroy shows that employees are growing exhausted by the expectation that they will always be available，never knowing what kind of work requests will be asked of them off hours。
Typically，companies don’t mean to stress employees out like that。Most companies don't have formal policies that say people must answer work emails after-hours，（except，perhaps，in cases where an employee is on call during specific times）。
But policies and culture tend to be two different things。If supervisors routinely email employees after hours and expect a fast response （often because their supervisors are doing the same to them），then the message is clear: whenever the boss emails，the employee is expected to be available。
The solution is for bosses to tell employees that an after-hours email doesn’t necessarily require a response before the next work day，and to also set some times when after-hours emailing is considered acceptable and prohibited，such as no emails via the dinner hour，on weekends，or after 10 p.m.，the researchers say。

Why the study said people are “Exhausted But Unable to Disconnect”？

A.Because they never know what kind of work requests will be asked off hours.
B.Because they are required by the company to answer emails off hours.
C.Because smart phones and tablets keep us connected all the time.
D.None of above.

Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000（7.9percent）from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?

A.The prospect of a thriving job market.
B.The increase of voluntary parttime jobs.
C.The possibility of full employment.
D.The acceleration of job creation.

资料：It’s almost considered sacrilegious today to leave work at the end of your workday or（for shame！）on a Friday and simply not check your work email again until you return the office during normal working hours。
The constant need to check email is the trade-off the modern workforce has made for the ability to work anytime，anywhere，hanks to smartphones and tablets that keep us always connected。
But three university researchers have found that it’s not just doing a bit of work after hours that cause burnout。The true culprit is actually the constant worrying about off-hour email。
A new study。“Exhausted But Unable to Disconnect，”by Lehigh University’s Liuba Belkin，Virginia Tech’s William Becker and Colorado State University's Samantha Conroy shows that employees are growing exhausted by the expectation that they will always be available，never knowing what kind of work requests will be asked of them off hours。
Typically，companies don’t mean to stress employees out like that。Most companies don't have formal policies that say people must answer work emails after-hours，（except，perhaps，in cases where an employee is on call during specific times）。
But policies and culture tend to be two different things。If supervisors routinely email employees after hours and expect a fast response （often because their supervisors are doing the same to them），then the message is clear: whenever the boss emails，the employee is expected to be available。
The solution is for bosses to tell employees that an after-hours email doesn’t necessarily require a response before the next work day，and to also set some times when after-hours emailing is considered acceptable and prohibited，such as no emails via the dinner hour，on weekends，or after 10 p.m.，the researchers say。

What can be inferred from the first paragraph？

A.It’s a shame if you check your email all the time.
B.The employees are willing to leave work at the end day of the workday.
C.The employees are expected to answer emails although it’s not working time.
D.Work email is the essential part in worker’s daily life.