Two major themes are pursued.The first theme is that investment is not only the engine of economic growth in China but also the main source of technological progress, productivity growth and structural change.In developing this argument, James Riedel, Ji

To become wealthier,a country needs strong growth in productivity-the output of goods or services from given inputs of labor and capital.For most people,In theory at least,higher productivity means the expectation of rising wages and abundant job opportunities Productivity growth in most of the worlds rich countries has been dismal since around 2004.Espe-cially vexing is the sluggish pace of what economists call total factor productivity--the part hat accounts for the contributions of innovation and technology.In a time of facebook smartphones,self-driving cars,and computers that can beat a person at just about any board game,how can the key economic measure of technological progress be so pathetic?Economists have tagged this the productivity paradox Some argue that because today's technologies are not nearly as impressive as we think.The leading proponent of that view,Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon,contends that compared with breakthroughs like indoor plumbing and the electric motor,today's advances are small and of limited economic benefit.Others think productivity is in fact increasing but we simply don't know how to measure things like the value delivered by Google and Facebook,particularly when many of the benefits are‘free.Both views probably misconstrue what is actually going on.It's likely that many new technologies are used to simply replace workers and not to create new tasks and occupations.What's more,the technologies that could have the most impact are not widely used Driverless vehicles,for instance,are still not on most roads.Robots are rather dumb and remain rare outside manufacturing.And AI is mysterious for most companies.What's happening now may be a replay of the late 80s,says Erik Brynjolfsson,another MIT economist.Breakthroughs in machine learning and image recognition are"eye-popping";the delay in implementing them only reflects how much change that will entail."It means swapping in AI and thinking your business,and it might mean whole new business models he says.In this view,AI is what economic historians consider a"general-purpose technology.These are inventions like the steam engine,electricity,and the internal-combustion engine.Eventually they transformed how we lived and worked.Illustrating the potential of AI as a general-purpose technology,Scott Stern of MITs Sloan School of Management describes it as a"method for a new method of invention But he also warns against expecting such a change to show up in macroeconomic measurements anytime soon."If I tell you we're having an innovation explosion,check back with me in 2050 and I'll show you the impacts,Scott Stern says.General-purpose technologies,he adds,"take a lifetime to reorganize around
According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true about"productivity paradox"?

A.Technology and innovation have greatly promoted the productivity
B.The productivity grows slowly while innovation and technology flourish.
C.The productivity growth has brought more economic returns
D.The innovation and technology caused the decline of the productivity

资料：Economic performance is improving in most of the world's leading economies but is still short of a self-sustaining upswing, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said on Wednesday.
In an update to its economic forecasts, the Paris-based international organisation representing advanced economies said that more private sector investment was needed for the expansion to endure, for wages to rise sustainability and for inequalities to be tackled.
Although all leading economies are now recording positive growth, Catherine Mann, the OECD's chief economist, urged governments to “curb your enthusiasm [ because] strong and sustained medium-term global growth is not yet secured”.
The OECD's economic outlook shows upgrades to the 2017 growth forecasts in China, Russia and Europe excluding the UK with the world outlook also appearing stronger in 2018.
World growth should rise from a low of 3.1 per cent in 2016, to 3.5 per cent this year and 3.7 per cent in 2018, the OECD forecast, with the US, the Eurozone, Brazil and Russia contributing most to the improved global outlook.
China's predicted growth rate of 6.8 per cent in 2017 and 6.6 per cent in 2018 has been revised higher by 0.2 percentage points in both years and although India's growth rate has been revised down, reflecting adjustment to its new goods and services tax, it is likely to remain the fastest growing large economy in the world.
Only the UK, which remains embroiled in Brexit negotiations, has a deteriorating outlook. Responding to the OECD's forecast that the British economy will be the slowest growing in the Group of Seven in 2018 having been near the top of the league table in 2016, the British Treasury said it was not complacent.

What does the underlined word “complacent” mean in the last paragraph?

A.Accustomed
B.Complied
C.Conceited
D.True

资料：Economic performance is improving in most of the world's leading economies but is still short of a self-sustaining upswing, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said on Wednesday.
In an update to its economic forecasts, the Paris-based international organisation representing advanced economies said that more private sector investment was needed for the expansion to endure, for wages to rise sustainability and for inequalities to be tackled.
Although all leading economies are now recording positive growth, Catherine Mann, the OECD's chief economist, urged governments to “curb your enthusiasm [ because] strong and sustained medium-term global growth is not yet secured”.
The OECD's economic outlook shows upgrades to the 2017 growth forecasts in China, Russia and Europe excluding the UK with the world outlook also appearing stronger in 2018.
World growth should rise from a low of 3.1 per cent in 2016, to 3.5 per cent this year and 3.7 per cent in 2018, the OECD forecast, with the US, the Eurozone, Brazil and Russia contributing most to the improved global outlook.
China's predicted growth rate of 6.8 per cent in 2017 and 6.6 per cent in 2018 has been revised higher by 0.2 percentage points in both years and although India's growth rate has been revised down, reflecting adjustment to its new goods and services tax, it is likely to remain the fastest growing large economy in the world.
Only the UK, which remains embroiled in Brexit negotiations, has a deteriorating outlook. Responding to the OECD's forecast that the British economy will be the slowest growing in the Group of Seven in 2018 having been near the top of the league table in 2016, the British Treasury said it was not complacent.

Which country is not a great contributor to the improved economic outlook？

A.Russian
B.UK
C.Brazil
D.US

资料：Economic performance is improving in most of the world's leading economies but is still short of a self-sustaining upswing, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said on Wednesday.
In an update to its economic forecasts, the Paris-based international organisation representing advanced economies said that more private sector investment was needed for the expansion to endure, for wages to rise sustainability and for inequalities to be tackled.
Although all leading economies are now recording positive growth, Catherine Mann, the OECD's chief economist, urged governments to “curb your enthusiasm [ because] strong and sustained medium-term global growth is not yet secured”.
The OECD's economic outlook shows upgrades to the 2017 growth forecasts in China, Russia and Europe excluding the UK with the world outlook also appearing stronger in 2018.
World growth should rise from a low of 3.1 per cent in 2016, to 3.5 per cent this year and 3.7 per cent in 2018, the OECD forecast, with the US, the Eurozone, Brazil and Russia contributing most to the improved global outlook.
China's predicted growth rate of 6.8 per cent in 2017 and 6.6 per cent in 2018 has been revised higher by 0.2 percentage points in both years and although India's growth rate has been revised down, reflecting adjustment to its new goods and services tax, it is likely to remain the fastest growing large economy in the world.
Only the UK, which remains embroiled in Brexit negotiations, has a deteriorating outlook. Responding to the OECD's forecast that the British economy will be the slowest growing in the Group of Seven in 2018 having been near the top of the league table in 2016, the British Treasury said it was not complacent.

According to the passage,which one of the following statement is true？

A.The Russia’s 2017 economic growth forecast has been revised higher.
B.The leading economies have achieved sustainable long-term growth.
C.The OECD is not optimistic about China's economic growth.
D.India's economic growth forecast have been upgraded.

资料：You can not go forward by going backward. Take the current debate about trade and globalization, for instance, while the impulse to erect trade barriers is understandable given the pain experienced in recent years, it is not the way to create lasting growth and shared prosperity.
Over the past three decades, global flows of trade and investment have accelerated dramatically, creating enormous economic value. However, trade and globalization have also brought wrenching job losses. The financial crisis and weak recovery have made matters worse, intensifying the backlash against trade and globalization.
Part of the problem is that the benefits of trade and investment go largely unrecognized, while the job losses are often overstated. Another significant problem is that participation in trade and investment is limited to a relatively small set of firms. In the U.S., large firms account for three-quarters of total exports, and the vast majority of small and medium-size businesses do not export. This means firms have a great opportunity to boost growth and productivity through wider participation in trade.
That leaves the question of how to help those hurt by trade and globalization. Too often we talk about re-training as a panacea（万能药）.And yes, it helps. But it needs to take into account the different requirements of each workforce and needs to be part of a wider set of support for affected workers and communities.
Above all, it is important to recognize that our economic transition to a global and digital economy is an irreversible trend. Only by broadening participation in the global economy, rather than by trying to turn back the clock, will we discover answers to today’s most vexing economic problems.

What is the MAIN opinion expressed in the opening paragraph?

A.Trade and globalization are debatable.
B.Erecting trade barriers can not bring growth and prosperity.
C.Trade and globalization have caused severe pain in recent years.
D.Opposing trade and globalization is understandable and reasonable.

Passage 1
Earlier this year, when America first sneezed, the European Central Bank （along with most private-sector economists） argued that the euro area was insulated from America's slowdown and had little to worry about. This seems to have wrong. In Germany there are fears about recession as business investment and retail sales tumble. Recent figures confirmed that Germany’s GDP stagnated in the second quarter. Italy's GDP fell in the second quarter, and although growth has held up better in France and Spain, the growth in the euro area as a whole was close to zero in the quarter. Nobody is forecasting an actual recession in the euro area this year, but it is no longer expected to provide an engine for world growth.
As for Japan, it is probably already in recession. Japan's GDP grew slightly in the first quarter. Persistent deflation continues to be a severe problem. A revised measure of Japan’s consumer-price index, to be published soon, is likely to show that deflation is worse than had been thought.

The best title for the passage is ___.

A. The world economic situation.
B. The world economic recession.
C. The worse world economic situation.
D. The reason for world economic recession.

资料：Economic performance is improving in most of the world's leading economies but is still short of a self-sustaining upswing, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said on Wednesday.
In an update to its economic forecasts, the Paris-based international organisation representing advanced economies said that more private sector investment was needed for the expansion to endure, for wages to rise sustainability and for inequalities to be tackled.
Although all leading economies are now recording positive growth, Catherine Mann, the OECD's chief economist, urged governments to “curb your enthusiasm [ because] strong and sustained medium-term global growth is not yet secured”.
The OECD's economic outlook shows upgrades to the 2017 growth forecasts in China, Russia and Europe excluding the UK with the world outlook also appearing stronger in 2018.
World growth should rise from a low of 3.1 per cent in 2016, to 3.5 per cent this year and 3.7 per cent in 2018, the OECD forecast, with the US, the Eurozone, Brazil and Russia contributing most to the improved global outlook.
China's predicted growth rate of 6.8 per cent in 2017 and 6.6 per cent in 2018 has been revised higher by 0.2 percentage points in both years and although India's growth rate has been revised down, reflecting adjustment to its new goods and services tax, it is likely to remain the fastest growing large economy in the world.
Only the UK, which remains embroiled in Brexit negotiations, has a deteriorating outlook. Responding to the OECD's forecast that the British economy will be the slowest growing in the Group of Seven in 2018 having been near the top of the league table in 2016, the British Treasury said it was not complacent.

What is the best title for the passage？

A.The prosperity of the leading economies
B.The engine of the world economy
C.China，the trail blazer of the world economy
D.Global economy improving but lacks self-sustaining upswing

资料：Economic performance is improving in most of the world's leading economies but is still short of a self-sustaining upswing, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said on Wednesday.
In an update to its economic forecasts, the Paris-based international organisation representing advanced economies said that more private sector investment was needed for the expansion to endure, for wages to rise sustainability and for inequalities to be tackled.
Although all leading economies are now recording positive growth, Catherine Mann, the OECD's chief economist, urged governments to “curb your enthusiasm [ because] strong and sustained medium-term global growth is not yet secured”.
The OECD's economic outlook shows upgrades to the 2017 growth forecasts in China, Russia and Europe excluding the UK with the world outlook also appearing stronger in 2018.
World growth should rise from a low of 3.1 per cent in 2016, to 3.5 per cent this year and 3.7 per cent in 2018, the OECD forecast, with the US, the Eurozone, Brazil and Russia contributing most to the improved global outlook.
China's predicted growth rate of 6.8 per cent in 2017 and 6.6 per cent in 2018 has been revised higher by 0.2 percentage points in both years and although India's growth rate has been revised down, reflecting adjustment to its new goods and services tax, it is likely to remain the fastest growing large economy in the world.
Only the UK, which remains embroiled in Brexit negotiations, has a deteriorating outlook. Responding to the OECD's forecast that the British economy will be the slowest growing in the Group of Seven in 2018 having been near the top of the league table in 2016, the British Treasury said it was not complacent.

According to OECD, （ ）.

A.More efforts will be needed to ensure a sustained economic growth
B.Investment from the government contributes most to the world economy
C.The market is pessimistic on the world economy
D.The world economy is growing rapidly and steadily

资料：You can not go forward by going backward. Take the current debate about trade and globalization, for instance, while the impulse to erect trade barriers is understandable given the pain experienced in recent years, it is not the way to create lasting growth and shared prosperity.
Over the past three decades, global flows of trade and investment have accelerated dramatically, creating enormous economic value. However, trade and globalization have also brought wrenching job losses. The financial crisis and weak recovery have made matters worse, intensifying the backlash against trade and globalization.
Part of the problem is that the benefits of trade and investment go largely unrecognized, while the job losses are often overstated. Another significant problem is that participation in trade and investment is limited to a relatively small set of firms. In the U.S., large firms account for three-quarters of total exports, and the vast majority of small and medium-size businesses do not export. This means firms have a great opportunity to boost growth and productivity through wider participation in trade.
That leaves the question of how to help those hurt by trade and globalization. Too often we talk about re-training as a panacea（万能药）.And yes, it helps. But it needs to take into account the different requirements of each workforce and needs to be part of a wider set of support for affected workers and communities.
Above all, it is important to recognize that our economic transition to a global and digital economy is an irreversible trend. Only by broadening participation in the global economy, rather than by trying to turn back the clock, will we discover answers to today’s most vexing economic problems.

Which of the following is true of the third paragraph?

A.The participation in the trade globalization is not broad enough.
B.Job losses are often under-estimated.
C.Domestic firms are problematic with productivity.
D.Globalization hinders growth of small and medium-size firms.

Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.

A:spend
B:appeal
C:require
D:encourage