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单选题In the author’s opinion, education should ______.A be focused on moral courses.B have a religious component.C do away with objectionable doctrines.D try to enhance students’ moral standards.
题目
be focused on moral courses.
have a religious component.
do away with objectionable doctrines.
try to enhance students’ moral standards.
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更多“单选题In the author’s opinion, education should ______.A be focused on moral courses.B have a religious component.C do away with objectionable doctrines.D try to enhance students’ moral standards.”相关问题
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第1题：
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. ( 10 points)
Do animals have rights.'? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—4or instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.
In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says "I don' t like this contract" ?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48 ) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consider- ation humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form. of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind' s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
46.____________________
正确答案：
[参考译文]事实井非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
[翻译技巧]省略法，非限制性定语从句的译法。
[翻译点评]it指前文所说事实，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对前面整句话内容的说明。
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第2题：
Which of the following was the most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting”?
［A］ Manners.
［B］ Education. 、
［C］ Moral.
［D］ Personality.
正确答案：A本题考查了事实细节。文章第三段一开始，作者就提到，对于绅士们来说，美德首先包括了高雅和风度，与其身份地位相符的行为方式，教育仅仅是学会高雅的一种方式而已。由此可见，在绅士们眼中，［A］项“行为举止”是最重要的。［B］项与原文不符，［C］项和［D］项在原文中没有明显的论述。
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第3题：
According to the New Curriculum Standard, the ultimate goal of English education is to develop students' ability to use English communicatively. Therefore, English education in schools,should be__________.A.knowledge-centred
B.ability-oriented
C.speaking-focused
D.communication-focused答案：B解析：考查新课标内容。题目问的是：根据新课程标准，英语教育最大的目标是培养学生的英语语言运用能力。所以，英语教育应该是能力教育。本题可以利用排除法来选择。 -
第4题：
Which of the following is NOT said in the passageA.Wolfe‘s students praised Wolfe’s power of observation.
B.The author made an experiment on Wolfe‘s ability.
C.Wolfe‘s students asked the author to have a test of their ability.
D.Wolfe did not feel angry when he was tested.答案：C解析： -
第5题：
问答题◆Topic 9: Primary Functions of University Education Questions for Reference: 1. Most people think that teachers should teach students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well. Please discuss this view. 2. Why do you think lots of teachers pay much more attention to teaching students academic subjects than other aspects? 3. What’s your opinion of the primary functions of university education? Why do you think so?正确答案： 【参考答案】
There is no doubt that helping students find a job is one of the primary functions of university education, but universities do exist for other purposes such as improving students’ analytical skills and raising students’ moral standards.
A university education can be seen as a process of improving students’ analytical thinking. The variety of courses offered at university inspires students in various ways, therefore improving their analytical ability. For example, science courses such as math and biology help students develop a rational way of thinking whereas arts courses such as literature let students ponder over issues from a logical, multi-dimensional perspective; and courses in social sciences force students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be acceptable and unproblematic. With the development of these types of analytical thinking, graduates can face future challenges with more confidence and enthusiasm.
Also, university education is expected to improve students’ moral standards. This is rooted in universities? Belief that students’ awareness of responsibility towards their community and their country is of high importance. In this ever-degrading society and civilization, students are encouraged actively participate in improving the local community. A university that provides care and facilities for physically disadvantaged students may inspire the graduates to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the disabled community. A successful university education is supposed to produce morally sound graduates, therefore increasing their employability.
In conclusion, university education not only helps students locate a decent job but will also develop other qualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their hunger and spirit for life.解析： 暂无解析 -
第6题：
单选题AEnvironmental protection.
BAnimal rights.
CReligious belief.
DMoral purity.
正确答案： A解析： -
第7题：
单选题According to the passage, Keasey’s findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?AThey have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
BThey regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
CThey do not understand the concept of public duty.
DThey accept moral judgments made by their peers more easily than do older children.
正确答案： D解析：
由第一段结尾children…advance into the second stage of…moral autonomy可知，在Keasey所说的年龄，即6岁时，儿童就有了自己做出道德判断的能力。 -
第8题：
单选题According to Charles Muscatine, most universities in the U. S. ______.Aplace less emphasis on technology.
Bare ready to make informed moral decisions.
Cattend to society’s need for technology.
Dare the right places for students with high moral standards.
正确答案： D解析：
细节理解题。根据题干中的 Charles Muscatine定位到第四段最后一句“Instead，he says，most universities are spreading the dangerous myth that technical skills are more important than moral reasoning.…”，由此可知，查尔斯·马斯凯汀认为多数大学给学生灌输了技术比道德伦理更重要这一思想，故正确答案为C 选项，同时可知A，D选项陈述错误；B选项的说法无中生有，故答案为C项。 -
第9题：
问答题Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Which view do you agree with and why?正确答案：
Most universities require the completion of a secondary, or high school education for admission. They also require proof of academic performance to guarantee that the student has the knowledge and skills needed to successfully complete their higher education. I believe that if a student has a poor academic record through their primary and secondary education,they should not be allowed to attend university.
In the first place, a university education should be considered a privilege, not a right. A consistent effort must be made through the first two lower stages of a person’s education in order for them to earn the right to study in university. When I was in high school, I saw many students skip class regularly to shop, smoke drugs, or just because they “didn’t feel like” going to class. The obvious result was low grades. These students were all at least 17 or 18 years old, old enough to understand the value of their education. However, they did not value their secondary education and therefore,in my opinion, should not have the opportunity to study in university.
In the second place, because education is cumulative, a student must work consistently through primary and secondary school to master facts and establish a foundation of knowledge in order to meet the demanding academic requirements of university courses. In primary and secondary school, students have the opportunity to develop their writing skills and analytical abilities, both essential to learn to cope with the challenges of higher learning. For students without the appropriate skills,success is unlikely. One university I attended published statistics showing a 50% dropout rate for first year students; the main reason listed was that the students were unprepared for the rigor of university life.
In the third place, the limited educational resources at present in China make it almost impossible to provide every student with a college or university education. This means that students have to fight for their admission to the colleges and universities. As long as the present competition for higher education goes, it is not realistic to talk about letting every student have higher education. Competition for a successful walk through the single—plank bridge of college entrance examination is the most fair way to determine that privilege to higher education in China.
Many people take their education for granted. In my high school, most people only needed to make a little effort to maintain an A or B average, but there were still many people who weren’t willing to make any effort at all. I am sure that these people without proven track records should not, have the privilege of attending university’ especially when higher education resources are not abundant.解析：
文章引文段作者用I believe that…明确表明了论点，即初等和中等教育阶段成绩差的学生不应被大学录取。正文部分作者从三方面论证自己的观点：高等教育应该是特权，而不是权利；上大学应该具有足够的知识积累；中国的现状不允许给每个人都提供高等教育。在论据方面用到了逻辑推理、举例、列数字等方法。文章结尾部分简洁明了，与首段形成了照应。 -
第10题：
单选题It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.Athe blacks have a priority in terms of education.
Bhigher education should be free for all races.
Ceveryone has an equal right to education.
Ddevelopment in education should be gradual.
正确答案： A解析：
推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段第四句话“In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position Was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity.”，由此可知，在教育政策方面，NAACP认为所有的美国儿童和青年都应该拥有真正平等的受教育机会，即无论是黑人还是白人或者其他种族，在教育方面都没有特权，故A选项错误； 第三段第五句中的schooling指的是中小学，不包括高等教育，故B选项错误；D选项的内容是华盛顿所持的观点，混淆对象故排除。故答案为C项。 -
第11题：
单选题—I broke my brother’s notebook computer. What should I do?—If I were you, I _____ him right away, and then apologize for it.Awould have told
Bwould tell
Cwon’t tell
Dcould tell
正确答案： B解析：
从“if I were you”可以看出，这是对现在时态的虚拟，因此主句应用“Would＋V”。 -
第12题：
单选题What is the author’s argument in this essay?AEducators who advocate a rounded-education should be supported.
BIt is natural for science students to learn less liberal arts.
CScience students ought to have enough knowledge about society.
DTechnical training must be reinforced in science education.
正确答案： B解析：
主旨大意题。作者在文章首段就开门见山地指出，理科生很容易脱离人文和社会学研究。该段尾句揭示了文章主旨：如果科学家想要解决社会问题，就要对政治、经济和文化领域有更多的了解，尽管这可能意味着他们要少学一些科学知识。接下来又分析了英国理科教育中存在的不合常理之处，并以人口过剩问题为例，指出由于缺乏人文知识，科学家在解决问题的过程中容易忽略社会因素。由此可以判断，作者论述的观点是科学家想要更好地解决问题就要先更好地了解社会，故答案为C项。选项A项只是作者用于证明论点的一个论据，与题意不符，可排除。B、D两项不是作者观点，故排除。 -
第13题：
Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:
Passage Two
New rules and behavior. standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out inMarch． The Middle School is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are． The best students won't only have high marks． They should not dye（染） their hair,smoke ordrink because they are students． The following are some of the new rules．
Have you ever copied someone else's work in an exam? Don't do that again! That's not something an honest student should do．
Do more at school． Good students love animals and care for other people． April is Birdloving Month in China． Is your school cloing anything to celebrate it? You should join!And you can learn more about animals and how to protect them． Be friendly to the people around you． Try to think of others,not only yourself．
Be open to new ideas． Do you think people can live on the moon? Maybe you'll find another earth someday． Don't look down on new ideas． Everyone's ideas are important． You should welcome them,because new ideas make life better for everyone．
Protect yourself． Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don't let it happen to you．lf you have to go home late,you should let your parents know．
Use the Internet carefully． The Internet can be very useful for students． But some things on the Internet aren't good for children,so try to look at web pages (网页) that are good foryou．
What's the meaning of "look down on" in the passage? ( )
A． 向下看
B．轻视
C．在……上面看
D．上下打量
正确答案：B
B[解析]ACD项和new ideas搭配意思都不合适，只有“轻视”符合逻辑。所以答 案选B。 -
第14题：
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating
A. Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B. Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C. Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D. There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.答案：C解析： -
第15题：
We must try to preserve the best of our moral values for our children and grandchildren.A:prescribe
B:protect
C:predict
D:purchase答案：B解析：本句意思是：为了我们的子孙后代，必须尽量保存我们道德价值中最好的部分。句中preserve意为“保护，保存”，例如：It is highly important to preserve the environment.保护自然环境至关重要。四个选项中：prescribe意为“开处方”，例如：What medicine did the doctor prescribe for your illness？医生开了什么药来治你的病？protect意为“保护”，例如：He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。predict意为 “预测”，例如：The earthquake had been predicted several months before.这次地震早在几个月以前就发布了预报。purchase意为“购买”，例如：Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.票必须提前两周买。只有选项B同句中画线单词含义接近。 -
第16题：
单选题Which of the following is the author’s opinion?AWe should limit the children’s time in watching TV.
BWe should improve educational programs for children.
CNo commercials should be shown in children’s programs.
DTV programs may prevent children from developing their minds.
正确答案： B解析：
从全文作者的写作意图和最后一段中作者说‘Caution：Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Your Child’s Developing Mind. ’可以看出作者认为应该控制看电视的时间。 -
第17题：
问答题The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other her humans. But the most elementary form of moral reasoning is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake, it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.正确答案：
问题是:如对人的权利没有一致的意见,去争论动物的权利是没有结果的。只会一开始就把讨论引向极端。它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么对它们冷漠无情。这是一种错误的选择。有人认为从人与动物在各相关方面都不同,持这种极端看法的人会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何对动物的遭遇的关心都被认为是错误的,是把自己的感情放错了地方,因为这种感情应当放到其他人身上。但是道德观的最基本一条是将心比心。对大多数人来说,看到动物受罪足以引起人的同情。这种反应并不是错误,而是人用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应当得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲笑。解析：
【翻译要点】
本题涉及到词类转换，词类转换主要是名词。相对说来，英语依靠名词组句要比汉语多一点，而汉语是通过动词的集结来表达的。这样在翻译中，就有一个转换的问题。该题第四句中提到extremists（极端分子），如不读原文，根本弄不懂“极端分子”指什么。显然是误译。从第二句提到的It leads the discussion to extremes，可知extremists of this kind是指“持这类极端观点的人”，并不是“极端分子”。英语中有用表示身份的名词来表达一个人的动作的特点，因此此处extremists不宜译成名词，而应译成动作意义：有人认为人与动物在各相关方面都不同，持这种极端看法就会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 -
第18题：
单选题The first paragraph implies that ______.Athere is a conflict between laws and public opinions on the purpose of education.
Bthe moral purpose of education varies in form with the social situation.
CGreeks and the medieval Church had the same moral purpose in education.
Dthe moral purpose of education is to advocate religious beliefs.
正确答案： B解析：
推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第三句“In today’s world，the moral purpose of education takes non—religious forms：racial integration，sex education，good citizenship”，由此可知，在当今世界，道德教育采取非宗教形式：种族融合、性教育以及公民教育，从而可以判断出在不同时代社会状况下，道德教育的形式也不一样，故B选项正确；同时 D项意为教育的道德目的是为了拥护宗教信仰，陈述过于片面和绝对，故排除；第一段第一句只是提及美国最高法院禁止公立学校举行祈祷仪式，并不代表法律和公众在教育目的的观点上存在矛盾，曲解文意，故A项错误；第一段第二句提到“It is an idea common to both the Greeks and the medieval Church”，即希腊和中世纪的教会都认同道德教育应该是教育的目的之一，并不能转述为两者道德教育的目的一致，故C项错误。 -
第19题：
单选题According to the author’s observation, college students _____.Ahave never been so materialistic as today
Bhave never been so interested in the arts
Chave never been so financially well off as today
Dhave never attached so much importance to moral sense
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。第一段，目前的大学新生比过去17年任何时候的学生都更物质主义，而不是剩他主义的。A项与此意属同义重述。 -
第20题：
单选题Steven Muller believes that higher education fails to ______.Ainform the students of what is right or wrong.
Btell the students which scientific method is valuable.
Cpresent valuable religious ideas to students.
Dfamiliarize students with means of inquiry.
正确答案： C解析：
细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段最后一句“The biggest failing in higher education today is that we fall short in exposing students to values.”，由此可知，当今高等教育最失败的地方就是不能向学生呈现什么才是价值，“values”在本文中指的是辨别是非的道德标准，故答案为A 选项；该段第三句提到“The modem university is rooted in the scientific method…”，即现代大学是以科学为理念建立的，因此可以推断出现代大学非常重视科学知识的传授，故B，D选项均错误；除了包含宗教价值之外，“价值”还包括其他方面，C选项犯了以偏概全的错误，故排除。 -
第21题：
填空题30 percent of the students who (interview) ____ yesterday believe they should continue with their education until they have a university degree.正确答案： were interviewed解析：
本题考查一般过去时及被动语态。句意：昨天受访的学生中，有百分之三十认为他们应该继续接受教育，直到取得大学学位。空格应构成定语从句的谓语部分，根据句意可知，先行词students与interview之间是被动关系，这里使用interview的被动式interviewed，因有时间状语yesterday，故用are的过去式were。 -
第22题：
单选题It is stated in the last paragraph that _____.Amany people do not have financial support to go to college
Bmany people are not fit for college education
Cmany college students don’t like their majors
Dmany college students are bored of their education
正确答案： D解析：
根据文章最后一段首句“One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there”可知，强调大学教育的结果之一就是很多本来跟不上大学教育的人进了大学。因此选B项“很多大学生不适合大学教育”。 -
第23题：
问答题Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 1) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 2) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. 4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.正确答案：
(1)【答案】事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。
【解析】本题需要注意对两个it的翻译,第一个it指的是前文的内容,并且该句开头提到actually(实际上),因此Actually, it isn’t应译为“事实并非如此”,第二个it指的是Do animals have rights?这一提问,因此应译为“这种问法”。
(2)【答案】有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在在于社会契约中,是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
【解析】该句中social contract指“社会契约”;as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements中的as为介词,意为“作为”,该介词短语是对rights的修饰。entitlement应得权益;授权。
(3)【答案】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
【解析】该句开头的it指的是前文中提到的动物权利,因此此处译为“这种说法”;at the outset一开始,当初。此处的invite不能取其平常“邀请”的意思,而应根据上下文译为“使,让”。
(4)【答案】这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
【解析】that引导的从句that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect为view的同位语;in every respect在各方面。
(5)【答案】这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励,而不应遭到嘲弄。
【解析】该题需要注意代词that的指代,即上文中提到的看到动物痛苦时人们的反应,因此应译为“这种反应”。解析： 暂无解析