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The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to[A] the Renaissance humanists.[B ] the medieval universities.[C] the 18th century's American scholars.[D] the cold war period.
题目
The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to
[A] the Renaissance humanists.
[B ] the medieval universities.
[C] the 18th century's American scholars.
[D] the cold war period.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
58．B【精析】该题为细节题。根据第三段第二句“In simpler times，it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium( arithme- tic, geometry, astronomy, music)and Trivium (grammar, theto- ric，logic)．”我们知道，在简单时代，中世纪大学向学生传授四门学科（算术、几何、天文、音乐）和三学科（语法、修辞、逻辑）的知识，因此我们可以判断出教育传授知识的观点可以追溯到中世纪大学，选择B项。
更多“The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to[A] the Renaissance humanists.[B ] the medieval universities.[C] the 18th century's American scholars.[D] the cold war period.”相关问题
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第1题：
Text 4
Jill Ker Conway ,president of Smith ,echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that " anyone in today's world who doesn't understand data processing is not educated. " But she insists that the mcreasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: "The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education ,which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots ,which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a demo- cratic republic. "
In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education,a quite different idea of intellectu-al purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Ovejoyed with their rediscovery of the classical leaming that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages,they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justification-religious ,social ,economic ,or political. Its purpose,to the extent that it has one ,is to pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. "What could man acquire ,by virtuous striving ,that is more valuable than knowledge?" asked Erasmus ,perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. "The educational process has no end beyond itself," said John Dewey. "It is its own end. "
But what exactly is the corpus of knowledge to be passed on? In simpler times ,it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium ( arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ) and Trivium( grammar, thetoric ,logic). As recently as the last century ,when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorize and recite various Latin texts,and crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modern European languages. "They felt," said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. ,the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history ,"that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college ,and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. "
56. The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education
[A] wholeheartedly.
[B] with reservation.
[C] against her own will.
[D] with contempt.
正确答案：B
56．B【精析】该题为推理题。根据第一段第二句“But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps.”我们知道，虽然吉尔-克尔·康维支持实用主义教育，但是她认为实用主义教育仍然有一些欠缺，故选择B项。 -
第2题：
The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________.A.the 17th century … the American War of Independence
B.the 18th century … the American Civil War
C.the 17th century … the American Civil War
D.the 18th century … the U.S.– Mexican War
正确答案: B
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第3题：
there was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in europe during the 1 7th and 18th centuries which is known as “the renaissance.” ()
参考答案：错误
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第4题：
The main idea of the passage is about______.
A．women's role in American families
B．advantages of fast food for Americans
C．modem lifestyles and diet in America
D．shift of American home entertainment
正确答案：C
解析：见最后一段最后一句话。 -
第5题：
资料：It's so common to hear people say， “I’m stressed out，” almost as a badge of honor， as if this is a symptom only of our fast-paced modern life. But in her book， “Exhaustion： A History，”Anna Katharina Schaffner writes that the syndrome of mental exhaustion has existed almost since the beginning of human history.
Commentators claim [ ours] is the most exhausting period in history， the demands on our energy reserves being unprecedented. By implication， they represent the past as a less energy-draining time in which people lived much less stressful lives in harmony with nature and the seasons，“says Schaffner， a. professor of comparative literature and medical humanities at the University of Kent in England， in an email interview. I asked myself whether that was really the case， and started researching other historical periods in search of earlier discourses on exhaustion. To my surprise， I found that ours is far from being the only age to have perceived itself as the most exhausted-this is in fact a perception shared by many historical periods， albeit in different ways and for different reasons.”
Schaffner found information about exhaustion going all the wy back to antiquity. This is not the same thing as physical exhaustion —certainly most， people in earlier times had life physically harder—but concurrently throughout history was this idea of being mentally exhausted， what we might call today being “stressed”or “burned out.”
In the past， she says， the condition went by many names： melancholia， depression， chronic fatigue syndrome or acedia， “a theological version of melancholia， also described as weariness of the heart.”and popular in Medieval times. Causes ranged from physical ailments and chemical imbalances in the brain to spiritual failings or even the alignments of the planets， Often there was a different explanation for each historical period.
“In the late 19th century， for example，. a faster pace of life as a result of trains， steam boats， electricity， and telegraphy was held responsible for the sudden explosion in the number of cases of what was diagnosed as neurasthenia-this diagnosis being structured around a deficiency in nerve force， and manifesting itself in weakness， lethargy. hopelessness， and various other symptoms.”she says.
Other mental ailments throughout time were attlbuted to “the availability of exotic food and spices in the 18th century the education of women in the 19th century，. or the new psycho-social pressures of neo-liberal capitalism in our own time”she adds
So if exhaustion has been with us forever， what does that mean for we moderns? “An historical perspective can help to counter the sense that our way of life is more detrimental to human wellbeing than those in the past， and to make us feel less alone，” says Schaffner. “Of course， this historical perspective also challenges the idea that current states of exhaustion are a unique badge of honor. Thus historicizing exhaustion can， on the one hand， reassure us and， on the other hand， challenge the narratives on which we rely to give our suffering aspecial value.”
Which statement is inferred to be true， according to Schaffner s research?A.Some mental ailments throughout time were caused by civil rights movement of women in 19th century.
B.Neurasthenia might be caused by late 20th century’s life when electricity and telegraphy came into being.
C.Chronic fatigue syndrome caused by Spiritual failings might be popular in Medieval times.
D.Other mental ailments in 18th century were attributed to the new psycho-social pressures of neo-liberal capitalism.答案：C解析：题目意为“根据Schaffner的调查，以下哪个推测是正确的？”选项A意为“一直以来，一些精神疾病都是由19世纪妇女民权运动引起的。”文中并未提到女权运动，只说到女性教育。选项B意为“神经衰弱可能是20世纪末期电和电报诞生时的生活造成的。”文中提到的是19世纪晚期……选项C意为“由精神缺陷引起的慢性疲劳综合症在中世纪可能很流行。”结合主题句，故正确。选项D意为“18世纪的其他精神疾病被认为是新自由资本主义的新心理社会压力造成的。”文中提到的是我们这个时代。 -
第6题：
__________ was a protest movement by American youth that arose in the late 1960s.A.Free Speech Movement
B.The Women's Movement
C.Anti-War Movement
D.Counter Culture Movement答案：D解析：考查英美概况知识。Free Speech Movement“言论自由运动”是1964年的加州大学伯克利分校的伯克利言论自由运动：The Women’s Movement“女权运动”是20世纪六七十年代解放女性思想，帮助她们获得自由、取得普遍平等的社会地位的美国女权运动；Anti—War Movement“反战运动”是60年代美国国民因对和平的渴求而发起的一场运动：Counter Culture Movement“反正统文化运动”是美国青年们以自己独特的方式来反对传统文化的价值观念和道德观念存在着某种传承的运动。故选D。 -
第7题：
Traditional farming involved the open field village,a system that dated back to the（）century.
- A、4th
- B、5th
- C、6th
- D、7th
正确答案:B -
第8题：
单选题Toronto's third City Hall came into use in_____.Athe 18th century
Bthe 19th century
Cthe 20th century
Dthe 21st century
正确答案： C解析： -
第9题：
单选题The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American _____.Alocal colorism
Bvernacularism
Cmodernism
Dnaturalism
正确答案： C解析：
美国自然主义作家是在对美国现实生活的文学阐释中发现了达尔文主义的正确性。故选D。 -
第10题：
单选题Traditional farming involved the open field village,a system that dated back to the（）century.A4th
B5th
C6th
D7th
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题When have annual carbon emissions quadrupled?ASince the late 18th century.
BSince the mid-20th century.
CSince the 1950s.
DIn a recent 12-month.
正确答案： B解析：
从录音中提到的“In fact, annual emissions have quadrupled since the mid-20th century”，可知从自从20世纪中期，每年的碳排放量增加了4倍，因此选B。 -
第12题：
单选题_____, the new president is more likely to give economic and trade issues priority over foreign policy.AThe cold war being over
Bthe cold war had over
CWith the cold war was over
DWith the cold war has been over
正确答案： C解析：
句意：随着冷战的结束，这位新上任的总统更有可能把经济贸易问题摆在首位，而不是对外政策。句中因为分词being over的逻辑主语与后句主语president不一致，故使用“名词＋分词”的独立主格结构。 -
第13题：
Education for education's sake was probably opposed by
[A] scholars in the Renaissance period.
[B] Jill Ker Conway.
[C] scholars in the Dark Ages.
[D] Plato.
正确答案：D
57．D【精析】该题为细节题。根据第二段第一句和第二句“In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education,a quite different i— dea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance hu- manists. Overjoyed with...they argued that the imparting of knowl- edge needs no justification-religious, social, economic, or politi- cal．”我们知道，柏拉图认为教育应该具有社会价值，而文艺复兴时期的人文主义者持有与柏拉图完全不同的观点，提出知识的传授不应该具有宗教、社会、经济、政治目的，由此我们可以推断出，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者同意“教育只为教育而生”即“educa- tion for education’s sake”的观点，而柏拉图持相反的观点，选项C 在文中没有提到；根据对第56题的分析可知，吉尔·克尔·康维虽支持实用主义教育，但仍认为它有一些欠缺。综合考虑，最有可能反对“教育的目的就是教育本身。”的是柏拉图，故选择D 项’。 ． -
第14题：
The Industrial () started during the last part of the 18th century, in the same period as the American and the French Revolutions.A.Movement
B.Drive
C.Process
D.Revolution
正确答案: D
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第15题：
We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept
正确答案：B
本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。dating back to the 16th century的逻辑主语是stone figure. （本解析由学员提供） -
第16题：
Passage 2
Americans today don′t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes,
entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to geta practical education--not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasiveanti-intellectualism in our schools aren′t difficult to fred.
"Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,"says education writer Diane Ravitch."Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch′s latest book,Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in ourschools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectualpursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves themvulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideasand understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing alongthis path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civilsociety."
"Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor RichardHofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in uspolitics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, saysHofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities thananything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling andrigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and collegerecitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know athing." Mark Twain′ s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoidsbeing civilized--going to school and learning to read--so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantlyadmire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks tograsp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes,criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country′ s educationalsystem is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect andtheir eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."
What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school
A.The habit of thinking independently.
B.Profound knowledge of the world.
C.Practical abilities for future career.
D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.答案：C解析：细节题。根据题干中的关键词定位到第一段。第三句话意为：即使学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。C项为此句中“to get apr a ctical education”的同义改写，因此为正确答案。A项在文中没有提及。B项与原文本意恰恰相反，家长希望的是更实际些的东西，而不是真正的知识。D项过度推断，原文只提到了追求知识，而没有提到所谓的追求智慧。 -
第17题：
Dated back to the middle of 16 century,Wales in Great Briton made a educational policy that free,tax-supported schools must be established in every town （ ）100 households or more.A.having
B.to have
C.to have had
D.having had答案：A解析：本题考察非谓语动词。题目意为“回溯到16世纪中叶，英国威尔士制定了一项教育政策：在住户达到100家及以上的城镇中，建立由税收支持的免费学校。”这里having引导100 households or more作为后置定语修饰先行词 town。
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第18题：
Traditional farming involved the open field village,a system that dated back to the（）century.
A4th
B5th
C6th
D7th
B
略 -
第19题：
单选题America's first two political parties in the late 18th century were _____.Athe Democratic and the Republican
Bthe Democratic and the Federalist
Cthe Federalist and the Republican
Dthe Federalist and the Liberal
正确答案： A解析：
联邦党和共和党是十八世纪后期美国最早出现的两大政党。 -
第20题：
单选题AEducation during the Civil War.
BPost-Civil War developments in higher education.
CCurrent trends in technological education.
DBenefits for women in state universities.
正确答案： A解析：
[考点]主旨题。文章主要是讲美国高等教育在美国内战之后的三次重大发展及它们带来的影响。“following the Civil War”点明了是内战后的教育变革，因此文章的主旨应为B项。 -
第21题：
单选题The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to ______.Athe Renaissance humanists
Bthe medieval universities
Cthe 18th century’s American scholars
Dthe cold war period
正确答案： B解析：
分析推理题。由第三段第二句可知，在中世纪这样较为简朴的时代，知识总体指的是大学所教授的四学科（算术、几何、天文和音乐）和三学科（语法、修辞和逻辑）。由此可知，这个时期的大学已经在进行课程教授，因此教育传授知识的观点可追溯到这一时代。故B项为正确答案。 -
第22题：
单选题What’s the main idea of the passage?ASome manners on visiting British and American people’s home.
BDifferent table manners between British and American people.
CDifferent ideas about the home between British and American people
DDifferent ideas about how to get along well with neighbors between British and American people
正确答案： B解析：
本文介绍了拜访英国或者美国朋友需要注意的问题。故选项A正确。 -
第23题：
单选题Education for education’s sake was probably opposed by ______.Ascholars in the Renaissance period
BJill Kerr Conway
Cscholars in the Dark Ages
DPlato
正确答案： B解析：
分析推理题。短本文第二段论述了文艺复兴时期的人文主义者的教育观点。他们认为，知识的传授不需要宗教、社会、经济或政治理由，其目的仅仅是将知识整体代代传承下去。还引用Erasmus和John Dewey的话，说明教育的目的就是教育本身。而由该段首句可知，柏拉图是反对这种观点的，故D项为正确答案。由该段第二句的前半句可知，人们认为人文知识（classical learning）在“黑暗时代”消失了，并不能推知这一时代的学者是否反对“为教育而教育”的观点。