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Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far differen

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Text 4

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.

Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to

[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.

[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.

[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.

[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

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更多“Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washingt ”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?

    A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
    B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
    C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.
    D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.

    答案：C
    解析：
    根据本文内容，杰斐逊虽然私下里反感奴隶制，但他更看重奴隶制在国家建设过程中的基石作用，并没有解放所有奴隶，只是释放了一个奴隶，这一点并不能说明他对奴隶制态度的改变，他仍然坚持奴隶制，如果说对奴隶制态度的改变是从“扩大奴隶制”到“释放奴隶”，那么这种改变也是由于他的私生活，而并不是他的政治观点导致的，因此A项排除；B项似是而非，child slaves泛指所有的儿童奴隶，而第六段首句提到，他只给了与他有私情女奴的孩子以自由，所以将原文的概念扩大而排除；D项中前部分表述为事实，他确实与一名女奴有暧昧关系，但这

  • 第2题：

    Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?

    A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.
    B.Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
    C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
    D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

    答案：A
    解析：
    本题属于无法根据题干定位的细节题，因此要从选项中提取信息再定位到文中，将选项与原文对照。本文第二段末句提到历史研究发现，许多开国元勋们明知奴隶制错误，却很少有人推翻它。第三段表明，他们深知奴隶制的政治经济意义。从文章第五段首句“the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery”可知“政治家们的政治生命依赖于奴隶制”，换言之，他们从奴隶制中获得不少政治好处，故A项为正确选项。B项为反向干扰，第四段末句提到，宪法条款规定黑奴按3/5人口计算以保证国会代表

  • 第3题：

    Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to

    A.show the primitive medical practice in the past.
    B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.
    C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.
    D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

    答案：D
    解析：
    文章第一段介绍了华盛顿这样一段鲜为人知的故事，第二段则说拔牙的故事和华盛顿砍樱桃树的形象相差甚远，接着说，“许多历史学家开始关注奴隶制对开国元老那一代生活的影响”。从该句所在的结构可以明显判断出该句应该是对上文内容的一个总结，那么拔牙则正是反映华盛顿生活当中一个不为人知的方面，由此正确答案为D。C选项虽然与主题有些联系，但首段只谈到奴隶对华盛顿个人的作用，C项上升到整个美国历史，含义过于夸大；干扰项A和B都是就事论事，文章并未围绕医疗手段原始或奴隶制残忍性展开的。

  • 第4题：

    Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.37.We may infer from the second paragraph that

    A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
    B.in its early days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.
    C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.
    D.political compromises are easily found throughout the

    答案：B
    解析：
    第二段内容开始部分提出文章的主题，即奴隶制在这些领导人的生活中扮演的角色，下文则围绕这一新的历史研究展开论述，最后两句总结研究发现，即早期领导人的道德妥协以及新生国家的脆弱性，开国元勋们明知奴隶制错误，却不尽力去推翻。B项中的in its early days和delicate与文中的the country’s infancy和fragile nature对应，故为正确选项。A项题意过宽，我们很难判断是否“widely applied”，在文中找不到信息支持，与文章主题无关；C项明显错误，历史学家的历史

  • 第5题：

    Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his

    A.moral considerations.
    B.military experience.
    C.financial conditions.
    D.political stand.

    答案：B
    解析：
    根据题干中的关键词定位到第六段的第二句，“Washington,…observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,…grant his slaves their freedom in his will”明确指出华盛顿给奴隶自由的原因是他们在战争中的勇敢行为，所以正确选项为B项。其他三项均不符合原文内容，故排除。

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