What is the role of environment in language learning according to the behaviorists? And the mentalists?
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What about learning a foreign language in the summer holiday?().
A. It's a good idea.
B. Yes, I agree with you.
C. No, I don't think so.
第2题:
此题为判断题(对,错)。
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What is the role of environment in language learning according to the behaviorists? And the mentalists?
In the behaviorist view, children imitate the language of their environment to a considerable degree, and imitation is a strong contribution factor in the language learning process. A consequence of this is that the frequency with which words and structures occur in the language of the environment, will influence the language development of the child. In addition, reinforcement is needed to arrive at a higher level of language proficiency. Parental approval is an important type of reinforcement in the language learning process: when a child produces a grammatically correct utterance which is understood by its environment, approval from the parents may serve as reinforcement for such an utterance. In this way, the environment encourages the child to produce grammatical utterances, while not encouraging ungrammatical utterances.
The linguist Norm Chomsky claims that children are biologically programmed for language and that language develops in the child in just the same way that other biological functions develop. For example, every child will learn to walk as long as adequate nourishment and reasonable freedom of movement are provided. The child does not have to be taught; most children learn to walk at about the same time; and walking is essentially the same in all normal human beings. For Chomsky, language acquisition is very similar to the development of walking. The environment makes a basic contribution --- in this case, the availability of people who speak to the child. The child, or rather, the child’s biological endowment, will do the rest. This is known as the innatist position. Chomsky developed his theory in reaction to the behaviorist theory of learning based on imitation and habit formation.
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第7题:
According to Krashen, there is only one way for human to acquire language. What is it?
By understanding meaningful messages or comprehensible input; the formula is i + 1.
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第8题:
attitude
motivation
interest
intelligence
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the absence of a proper understanding in the nature of language learning.
his anxiety over the situation in the studies of language learning.
the necessity for psychological research on language learning.
his promise of what he could offer for psycholinguistic studies.
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第11题:
the way of proving Penfield’s suggestions.
the theoretical value of Penfield’s argument.
the intensity of language training programs.
the best age for second language learning.
第12题:
natural language exposure
informal learning context
structured input
little error correction
第13题:
此题为判断题(对,错)。
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In what sense can an understanding of the context of education contribute to language teaching and learning?
Teaching and learning a foreign language inevitably involves relationships between different aspects of life, and teaching English successfully is not just a question of method. Other things influence English language teaching (ELT) greatly. Refer to the nine variables discussed in the text.
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第18题:
According to the behaviorists, all learning takes place through().
habit formation
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第19题:
What is the role of formal learning according to the monitor hypothesis?
The monitor hypothesis states that formal learning has only one function, and that is as a “monitor” or “editor” and that learning comes into play only to make changes in the form of our utterance, after it has been produced by the acquired system. Acquisition initiates the speaker’s utterances and is responsible for fluency. Thus the monitor is thought to alter the output of the acquired system before or after the utterance is actually written or spoken, but the utterance is initiated entirely by the acquired system.
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controller
assessor
researcher
participant
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