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单选题According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ______.A they are taught by many different teachersB they do not attend lessons in every subjectC the teachers do not want to be friendlyD the teachers give most
题目
they are taught by many different teachers
they do not attend lessons in every subject
the teachers do not want to be friendly
the teachers give most attention to the more academic pupils
相似考题
参考答案和解析
细节理解题。答案来自第一段。通过与孩子在小学阶段的对比可得出，他们在升入中学后面临的问题为A。
更多“单选题According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ______.A they are taught by many different teachersB they do not attend lessons in every subjectC the teachers do not want to be friendlyD the teachers give most”相关问题
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第1题：
I want to translate the Web into every major language: every webpage, every video, and,yes, even Justin Bieber' s tweets. Nowadays, most of the Web is inaccessible(不能接触的)to most people in the world bI want to translate the Web into every major language: every webpage, every video, and,yes, even Justin Bieber' s tweets.
Nowadays, most of the Web is inaccessible(不能接触的)to most people in the world because its content splits up into hundreds of languages with over 50% of it in English.This problem is pressing, now more than ever, with millions of people from China, Russia,Latin America and other quickly developing regions entering the Web.
There are certainly systems (like Google translate) that are improving every day at translating the gist of things written in other languages than English. Unfortunately, they are not yet accurate enough: even when what they spit out is intelligible(智能的),it’s so badly written that people can't read more than a few lines before getting a headache.
This is why a new project called Duo lingo is introduced here. Duo lingo aims at breaking the language barrier, and thus making the Web truly”world wide.”
The idea behind Duo lingo is to kill two birds with one stone by solving both of these problems simultaneously. It is accomplished by transforming language translation into something that anyone can do一not just bilinguals一and that millions of people want to do: learning a foreign language. It is estimated that over one billion people worldwide are learning a foreign language, with millions doing so using computer programs.
With Duo lingo, people learn and translate a foreign language at the same time. When you learn on Duo lingo, the website gives you exercises set specifically for you that teach you every aspect of the new language. You may be asked to translate a sentence, to pronounce or listen to a phrase, or to describe what you see in an image. In this way, Duo lingo produces translations that are as accurate as those from professional language translators.
26. What does the author want to do?().
A. Business communication.
B. Online Translation.
C. Door-to-door sales.
27. According to the article, most people in the world can’t receive most of the information on the Web due to the problem of().
A. different languages
B. social conflicts
C. governmental disagreement
28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem of many translating systems?().
A. They are not accurate enough.
B. They don’t work every day.
C. The translations are badly written.
29. to kill two birds with one stone means to().
A. Spend time and moneymaking success
B. Do things without conside1ing its results
C. Solve both problems with only one move
30. What can you be asked to do to while using Duo lingo?().
A. To the product with others
B. To pay for the exercises you learn
C. To describe the image that you see
参考答案：26、B 27、A 28、B 29、C 30、C
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第2题：
请阅读短文，完成第小题。
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把...按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to
查看材料A．argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
B．recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C．offer advice on the proper use of the library
D．emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching答案：D解析：本题的问题是“作者写这篇文章的目的是什么”。文章第一段以“mixed-ability teaching”这一有利于学生发展的教学方法引出提升学生能力的话题；接着第二段提到学生能力的提升不仅仅是智力方面的提高，而是全方面能力的提升；第三段便举出课堂上提升能力的一种教学方法——group work；最后一段作者提出学生学习还可以通过work in pairs,work on individual tasks and assignments等其他方法来学习。通过文章脉络整理得到本题答案为D。 -
第3题：
请阅读短文，完成第小题。
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把...按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
In the passage the writer's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is_______.
查看材料A．critical
B．questioning
C．approving
D．objective答案：C解析：本题问的是作者对“mixed．ability teaching”的态度是什么。从文中第一段“We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching．On the contrary，both their knowledge and experience are enriched．”这两句话指出聪明孩子的发展并没有因为“mixed．ability teaching”而被阻碍，相反，聪明孩子的知识和经验都丰富起来了。文章接下来说明按能力分班会有很多的不利影响，从反面论证了作者对于“mixed-ability teaching”的态度是支持的。故选C。 -
第4题：
Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government′s efforts to improve schools:new standards and tests to be applied,strict teacher evaluations,and threats of school closures and?job losses．They frighten the school employees,not to mention the students．Instead of making people?unable to solve problems or try new ideas—which is what fear does to us—research on school reform?strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane?approach．In their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools,Bryk and Schneider
found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school?improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships．
Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one′s mind,to?discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn′t working,to make collective decisions．
Yet this kind of safety doesn′t come easily to schools．According to Bryk and Schneider,the?adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity(正直)．The challenge?is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds．
At one school where I taught,each teacher had different expectations about how much extra?effort teachers should put into their work—a big difference between the teachers who left after the?last bell and those who worked into the evening．And when expectations are unconscious or?unspoken,it becomes impossible for others to live up to them．
We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person′s behavior．As we all know,assumptions are often wrong．For example,parents and teachers may think the principal made a?particular decision based on his career advancement rather than what′s best for the students．If we?don′t feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and expectations,trust flies out the?window and our relationships suffer．
According to Bryk and Schneider,what was most important for successful school improvement?《》（）A.New standards and tests in schools．
B.Positive social relationships．
C.Strict teacher and student evaluations．
D.Assistance of the government．答案：B解析：【考情点拨】事实细节题。
【应试指导】由第一段最后一句中的“enabling positive social relationships…was the key to success-ful school improvement”可知，Bryk和Schneider认为积极的社会关系对成功的学校改革来说是最重要的，故选B。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Teaching Is“One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”
1. The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16),and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers.Since the 1980s,the number of grad-uates who say they would“seriously consider”teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17%today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
2. The main drawback of secondary teaching,according to the report,is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs,and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers.Joanne Manners,24 is a good example:“I graduated in maths last year,and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher,but when I looked into the details , it became clear that teaching isn't a very lucrative（赚钱的）job these days .I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising,and so I decided not to become a teacher.”
3 .It's not just about the money,however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline,and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Here's the view of Dave Hallam,an accountant from London:“I think parents are to blame .They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”
4.“I love teaching;it's my passion.I've been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now,and although it's a very demanding job,it's very satisfying.When I see my students passing their Spanish exams,or singing along to Spanish pop songs,It makes me feel so proud.” Says Brian Jones,who works in a secondary school in London.So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?“My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers.I find that I always have too much work to do.”
5.The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one.It says that the government should raise teachers' pay significantly,to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign,with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers,to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work,in order to reduce stress on teachers.“Hopefully,”the report concludes,“these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching,and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.”The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising______.
A: discipline problems
B: Their childhood memories
C: their stress
D: more training
E: because of its low pay
F: Its benefits答案：F解析：由第一段首句“The UK government has just published a report… many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers.”可知，第一段主要讲的是一份关于教师短缺的报告。故选E。
由第二段首句“The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.”可知，第二段主要讲的是教师的低薪问题。故选D。
由第三段首句“It's not just about the money, however.”第二句“The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.”和第三句“A lot of schools have problems with discipline , and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.”以及作者借用 Dave Hallam的观点，可知，第三段主要讲的是教师缺乏的其他原因，即学生的不良行为和缺乏纪律。故选A。
由第四段最后“My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.”可知，第四段主要讲的是教师繁重的工作负担。故选C。
由第二段首句“The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.”可知，阻止越来越多的年轻人从事中学教育的主要原因是低薪。故选E。
由第三段最后“I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”可以推断，当出现纪律问题时，父母被鼓励去支持教师。故选A。
由第五段第四句“Another solution could be to set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers.”可知，政府应减轻教师的工作负担，以减轻教师的压力。故选C。
由第五段第三句中的“to show the positive sides of teaching to young people”可知，政府应通过宣传教师职业的益处来推广教师职业。故选F。 -
第6题：
Which（）teacher（）lessons to you every day?
- A、/；gives
- B、does；give
- C、do；give
正确答案:A -
第7题：
单选题Which of the following statements is true?APupils will form relationships with old pupils rather than teachers.
BThe setting of the primary school is comparatively simpler than that of the secondary school.
CAll the teachers in the secondary school are rather frightening-looking.
DPupils have opportunities to get help from any teacher in the secondary school.
正确答案： B解析：
排除性题目。选项A文章未曾提及。选项C和D根据文章内容可判断其明显错误。 -
第8题：
问答题Who do you need to impress most according to the passage?正确答案： The hiring manager.解析：
事实细节题。由第三段末句“…most thoughtful questions for the hiring manager—that’s who you need to impress most.”可以得出求职者需要尽力打动人事经理，给他留下好印象。 -
第9题：
单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?（）AThey can do better in their future studies.
BThey can accumulate more group experience there.
CThey can be individually oriented when they grow up.
DThey can have better chances of getting a first-rate education
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?AMost average teachers want to leave school because of high pressure.
BExcellent teachers often leave schools for better jobs.
CThe average quality of the teachers in America is declining.
DTeachers’ quality is closely related to a number of factors.
正确答案： A解析：
文章中指出美国中小学目前的政策及工资待遇往往更有利于水平一般的教师，并且倒数第三段最后一句提到“...these less-capable pedagogues settle in to provide many years of ineffectual instruction”，因此选项A的表述与文章内容不符。其他选项的内容在文中都有提及。 -
第11题：
问答题Public Schools However good the state schools may be, it is still true that if an English parent has enough money to pay the fees to send his children to an independent school he will most probably do so. In independent schools boys and girls above the age of eight are usually educated separately. The terms “primary” and “secondary” are not usually applied to independent schools at the different levels because the age of transfer from a lower to a higher school is normally thirteen or fourteen instead of eleven. The principal schools for boys of over thirteen are called “public schools” and those for younger boys are usually called “preparatory” (or colloquially “prep”) schools. For girls there are some preparatory schools and public schools which are female imitations of the boys’ institutions. A typical “preparatory school’“—or private primary school—is very small, with between fifty and a hundred boys, either all boarders or all dayboys, or some of each. Many of these schools are in adapted houses in the country or in small towns, houses built in the nineteenth century and too big to be inhabited by families in the conditions of the modern world. If there are fifty boys, aged between eight-plus and thirteen-plus, they will probably be taught in five or six grades (or “forms”); the headmaster will himself work as an ordinary teacher, and he will have four or five assistants working for him. The preparatory schools prepare boys for the public schools’ common entrance examination and for public school life. The, schools in the state system do not prepare boys for the public schools’ common entrance examination, so a boy who tried to change from the states system to the independent school system at the age of thirteen would find difficulty in entering a public school at all. With a few exceptions public schools are all boarding schools, providing residential accommodation for their pupils, though many of them take some day-boys also. Most are in the southern half of England. Some of them are several hundred years old, but many others, including some of the most prominent thirty, were founded during the past 140 years. Most public schools, particularly the most eminent ones, are called by the name of the town or village in which they are situated; some are called “College” and some are not. The four most famous of all are Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School. Public schools are inspected by the inspectors of the Department of Education, but otherwise they are quite independent. Each has a board of governors. They control the finances and appoint the headmaster, who in his turn appoints the other teachers. To send a boy to .a leading public school costs about 900 to 1,100 pounds a year, though some of the less prominent schools may cost as little as 600 pounds. All the schools award “scholarships” to some of their boys who do very good work in an examination on entering or during their first year, and the boys who win scholarships pay reduced fees or in a few cases no fees at all.正确答案： 【参考译文】
英国的公学 在英国,无论国立学校有多好,只要家长有足够的钱支付学费,他们就极有可能送孩子上私立学校。
在私立学校,8岁以上孩子的教育是分开进行的。私立学校通常不存在“小学”和“中学”的层次划分。在私立学校,学生由低年级转入高年级的年龄一般是13岁或14岁而不是11岁。13岁以上的男孩就读的学校称作“公学”,而较小年级的男孩则就读于“预备”学校。
对于女孩子而言,她们也可以就读一些预备学校和公学,这些学校与男孩子就读的学校体制大同小异。
典型的“预备学校”或“私立学校”规模都很小,只收取50到100名男生,有的学校只招收寄宿生,有的只招收走读生,也有的学校两者兼有。这类学校大多位于乡村或小城镇中改建过的房子里。这些房子多建于19世纪,因过于宽大而不宜现代家庭居住,所以被改为校舍。如果学校有50名8岁多到13岁多的男生,那么他们很可能会被分成五到六个年级。校长自己以一名普通教师的身份参与教学,有4到5位老师协助其工作。预备学校的职责在于为学生们参加公学的统一入学考试以及公学的学习生活做准备。但是,国立学校的教学并不以公学的统一考试为目的,所以,如果一名13岁的男孩试图从国立学校转入私立学校,那么公学的入学考试对他来说有一定的困难。
除了少数特例外,英国的公学全都是寄宿学校,它们为学生提供住宿,也有一些公学招收走读生。大部分公学位于英格兰南半部,有些公学已经有几百年历史。不过有相当一部分公学(包括30所最出名的学校)是在过去的140年里建起来的。另外,大部分公学(尤其是最著名的学校)是根据它们所处的城镇或村庄而命名的,有的被称为“公学”,有的则另有其名。英国最负盛名的四所公学是伊顿公学、哈罗公学、温切斯特公学和拉格比公学。
除了接受教育部的督察之外,公学享有相当的独立自主权。每所学校都有一个管理董事会,他们控制财务,任命校长,再由校长来任命教师。在英国,送一个男孩到一所一流的公学读书,每年需花费约900到1100英镑,相比之下,到一所名气平平的学校读书每年只需花费600英镑。所有的公学都为在入学考试或第一年学习中取得好成绩的学生提供奖学金,获得奖学金的学生可以减少学费,或者在少数情况下可以免交学费。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题A great many teachers firmly believe English is one of the poorest-taught subjects in high schools at present.AA great many teachers
Bfirmly
Cpoorest-taught
Dat present
正确答案： C解析： -
第13题：
Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are two passages iⅡthis part． Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should decide on the best choice．
Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:
Passage One
The law says that women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them．
The reality is very different．Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act,many of them still get paid less than men．
They lose because they do lower-paid jobs which men just won't consider．And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children．
All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government's Women's Unite．
The biggest problem isn't equal pay in workplaces such as factories．It is a sort of work women do．Make a list of the low-paid jobs, then consider who do them．
Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies,and child care helpers． Not a lot of men among that group, are there?
Yet some of those jobs are really important．Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start．
So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly? There can be only one answer—because they are women．
This is not going to be put right overnight． But the Government which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start．
It is disgraceful(可耻的) that we have gone into the 21st century but still treat women as second-class citizens．
Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and be paid equally as Men( )．
A． after 25 years
B． according to the law
C． as a result of the Equal Pay Act
D． because women are as strong as men
正确答案：B
B[解析]根据the Equal Pay Act应该做到男女平等，C选项错在并不是因为the Equal Pay Act的结果。所以答案选B。 -
第14题：
Which of the following describes the paradox of the schools?A.Discrepancy between what they say and what they do.
B.Differences between teachers' problems and schools' problems.
C.Advantages and disadvantages of students’ learning opportunities.
D.Students' perception and the reality of their performance on assessments.答案：D解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段。根据原文“Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools:the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforcedthe rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying (even dropped out of school),that wasregarded as the student's problem, not the teacher's or the school's.”可知，学生之间成绩流传得越广，成绩的排名就越固定。结合前文及此处内容，也就是说成绩决定了学生学习的态度，态度决定了他们的排名表现。故本题选D。 -
第15题：
Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government′s efforts to improve schools:new standards and tests to be applied,strict teacher evaluations,and threats of school closures and?job losses．They frighten the school employees,not to mention the students．Instead of making people?unable to solve problems or try new ideas—which is what fear does to us—research on school reform?strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane?approach．In their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools,Bryk and Schneider
found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school?improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships．
Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one′s mind,to?discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn′t working,to make collective decisions．
Yet this kind of safety doesn′t come easily to schools．According to Bryk and Schneider,the?adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity(正直)．The challenge?is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds．
At one school where I taught,each teacher had different expectations about how much extra?effort teachers should put into their work—a big difference between the teachers who left after the?last bell and those who worked into the evening．And when expectations are unconscious or?unspoken,it becomes impossible for others to live up to them．
We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person′s behavior．As we all know,assumptions are often wrong．For example,parents and teachers may think the principal made a?particular decision based on his career advancement rather than what′s best for the students．If we?don′t feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and expectations,trust flies out the?window and our relationships suffer．
What is meant by trust in school?《》（）A.Freedom to express one's views．
B.Extra effort teachers put into their work．
C.Independence of the teachers in schools．
D.Unconscious and unspoken expectations．答案：A解析：【考情点拨】推理判断题。
【应试指导】由第二段可知，学校中的信任其实就
是能够说出心中所想，能够公开、诚实地讨论哪些
事行得通、哪些事行不通，并且能够做集体决定。
所以，学校中的信任就是自由地表达观点，故
选A。 -
第16题：
Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government′s efforts to improve schools:new standards and tests to be applied,strict teacher evaluations,and threats of school closures and?job losses．They frighten the school employees,not to mention the students．Instead of making people?unable to solve problems or try new ideas—which is what fear does to us—research on school reform?strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane?approach．In their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools,Bryk and Schneider
found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school?improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships．
Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one′s mind,to?discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn′t working,to make collective decisions．
Yet this kind of safety doesn′t come easily to schools．According to Bryk and Schneider,the?adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity(正直)．The challenge?is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds．
At one school where I taught,each teacher had different expectations about how much extra?effort teachers should put into their work—a big difference between the teachers who left after the?last bell and those who worked into the evening．And when expectations are unconscious or?unspoken,it becomes impossible for others to live up to them．
We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person′s behavior．As we all know,assumptions are often wrong．For example,parents and teachers may think the principal made a?particular decision based on his career advancement rather than what′s best for the students．If we?don′t feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and expectations,trust flies out the?window and our relationships suffer．
According to Paragraph 1,why does the author scratch his head．′?《》（）A.Because he doesn't know what to do once schools are closed．
B.Because he is not sure about the practicability of those new tests．
C.Because he is concerned that many teachers will lose their jobs．
D.Because he is not in favor of the government's reform efforts．答案：D解析：【考情点拨】推理判断题。
【应试指导】由第一段第二、三句可知，作者认为政府针对学校的改革措施威胁到了学校的雇员和学生，并且这些改革使人们失去了解决问题或尝试新想法的能力，所以，作者挠头是因为他不赞成政府的改革措施，故选D。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Teaching Is“One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”
1. The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16),and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers.Since the 1980s,the number of grad-uates who say they would“seriously consider”teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17%today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
2. The main drawback of secondary teaching,according to the report,is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs,and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers.Joanne Manners,24 is a good example:“I graduated in maths last year,and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher,but when I looked into the details , it became clear that teaching isn't a very lucrative（赚钱的）job these days .I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising,and so I decided not to become a teacher.”
3 .It's not just about the money,however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline,and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Here's the view of Dave Hallam,an accountant from London:“I think parents are to blame .They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”
4.“I love teaching;it's my passion.I've been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now,and although it's a very demanding job,it's very satisfying.When I see my students passing their Spanish exams,or singing along to Spanish pop songs,It makes me feel so proud.” Says Brian Jones,who works in a secondary school in London.So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?“My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers.I find that I always have too much work to do.”
5.The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one.It says that the government should raise teachers' pay significantly,to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign,with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers,to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work,in order to reduce stress on teachers.“Hopefully,”the report concludes,“these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching,and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.”The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease______.
A: discipline problems
B: Their childhood memories
C: their stress
D: more training
E: because of its low pay
F: Its benefits答案：C解析：由第一段首句“The UK government has just published a report… many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers.”可知，第一段主要讲的是一份关于教师短缺的报告。故选E。
由第二段首句“The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.”可知，第二段主要讲的是教师的低薪问题。故选D。
由第三段首句“It's not just about the money, however.”第二句“The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.”和第三句“A lot of schools have problems with discipline , and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.”以及作者借用 Dave Hallam的观点，可知，第三段主要讲的是教师缺乏的其他原因，即学生的不良行为和缺乏纪律。故选A。
由第四段最后“My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.”可知，第四段主要讲的是教师繁重的工作负担。故选C。
由第二段首句“The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.”可知，阻止越来越多的年轻人从事中学教育的主要原因是低薪。故选E。
由第三段最后“I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”可以推断，当出现纪律问题时，父母被鼓励去支持教师。故选A。
由第五段第四句“Another solution could be to set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers.”可知，政府应减轻教师的工作负担，以减轻教师的压力。故选C。
由第五段第三句中的“to show the positive sides of teaching to young people”可知，政府应通过宣传教师职业的益处来推广教师职业。故选F。 -
第18题：
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?（）
- A、They can do better in their future studies.
- B、They can accumulate more group experience there.
- C、They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
- D、They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education
正确答案:D -
第19题：
问答题Practice 3 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from other sources (such as the Internet and television). To what extent do you agree or disagree? You should write at least 250 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Rapid development of technology provides convenience and freshness for many aspects of people’s life, including education. Nowadays, students become more reliable on computers for research and are often asked to hand in a perfect paper by schools. Others even have decided to give up the original way of learning and to obtain knowledge through online institutions. These changes in learning and teaching methords have aroused a special concern regarding the fading of teacher s’ giving lectures in classrooms.
Some people observe that compared with that of an original classroom, the role of teachers is beginning to drop because computers can help students study faster. For example, in the classroom, most of students’ intellectual capacities can not be activated, and thus some would be confined to a slow advance in their studies because of others' lower capacity of understanding. However, thanks to the new study mode, pupils could progress in their acquisition of knowledge at their own pace.
The presence of teachers, however, is essential for students because human interaction plays positive and significant roles which can hardly be replaced by the cold machines. Firstly, from teachers, students can gain more than mere knowledge in the textbooks. They can cultivate their interest in certain subjects and establish emotions with students and teachers. They can learn the importance of communication through working in a group and how to respect other students. Furthermore, it is necessary to have teachers in the learning process to learn students' deficiencies and help them solve their problems by repeating explanations, giving extra instructions or even suggesting a tutor. Hence, students can have a bigger chance of passing exams.
To conclude, although computers and the Internet do brings convenience and speed, the role of teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue to be in the future because machines cannot replace human interaction.解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
单选题The central idea of the above passage is that __________.Aattitudes affect our actions
Bteachers are important in developing or changing pupils’ attitudes
Cattitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
Dby their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes
正确答案： D解析：
文章第三段提到“The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.”(小学老师在影响孩子态度方面处于关键性的位置)，接下来的文段主要讲述了为什么老师对孩子态度的发展和改变如此重要，由此可见这篇文章的主旨是老师对孩子态度的发展和改变发挥着重要作用，故答案选B。 -
第21题：
问答题Practice 2 Private school does not mean better. But it does mean expensive. Public schools in the US are paid for by money from everyone; private schools are not. Parents who send their children to private schools must pay to do so. Parents may have enough money to pay for private schools. But these schools do not have to accept their children. Most private schools accept only children who are already doing well in school and are able to work quietly, Some take only boys or only girls. Classes are often quieter and less crowded than classes in public schools. This gives children a chance to learn more of what their teachers are trying to teach them. Public schools do not teach religion. So some parents choose private religious schools for their children. These schools each belong to a church. 6 They give lessons about that religion. They give lessons in all the usual school subjects as well. Children at many private schools wear special school uniforms, all exactly the same. At public schools, students wear what they want. They often dress in bright colors and tennis shoes. They sometimes invent new and wonderful fashions.正确答案： 【参考译文】
私立学校并不一定比公立学校好,但上私立学校肯定比上公立学校贵。公立学校的办学经费用的是每一个公民纳税的钱,而私立学校却不是这样。家长如果想把自己的孩子送到私立学校去念书,他们就得自己付钱。
即使家长有钱付学费,私立学校也不一定非得把孩子收下来。大部分的私立学校一般都只收学习成绩较好而又遵守纪律的学生。有的私立学校只收男生,而有的私立学校又只收女生。与公立学校相比,私立学校每个班的人数要少些,学生也能遵守课堂纪律。这样,学生在学校里就能学到更多的知识。
公立学校不设宗教课程。所以,有些家长就把自己的孩子送到私立的教会学校去上学。这类教会学校一般都属于某个教派,在学校里,他们就给学生上自己教派的宗教课程。当然,其他学校教的所有的课程,教会学校也都得教。
许多私立学校的学生都得穿式样统一的校服。在公立学校,学生爱穿什么就可穿什么。他们往往穿着艳丽的衣服和网球鞋;有时,学生们也会搞些新花样,很快就成为流行的时装。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题What is the main idea of this passage?AThe difference between the primary school and the secondary school.
BThe method that pupils get help from the teachers.
CThe personal development of the pupils in the secondary school.
DThe function of the secondary school.
正确答案： A解析：
主旨题。根据篇幅原则可知文章着重介绍了中学阶段在学生个人成长过程中的重要作用，故答案为C。D选项表述过为笼统，故不正确。 -
第23题：
单选题In this passage about secondary schools, the author is mainly concerned about ______.Aacademic standards
Bthe role of specialist teachers
Cthe training of the individual teachers
Dthe personal development of pupils
正确答案： C解析：
细节理解题。答案来自第二段最后一句话。表明作者认为在中学阶段，孩子们应该首先被赋予理解与解决问题的能力。